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The Effect of Digital Culture on the Development of Digital Maturity in Municipalites

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 44, 601 - 621, 30.06.2023

Öz

Today, the most important factor forcing organizational culture to change is digital transformation. Digital transformation, which is not just about technology, forces organizations to change. Successfully managing and directing digital transformation is possible if the organizational culture becomes suitable for digital transformation. How ready organizations are for digital transformation is related to their digital maturity level. Digital maturity is the development of organization’s ability to create value through digital means such as financial resources, human resources, production technology, production methods, etc. The most important element of digital maturity level is to have a digital culture. Digital culture refers to the behaviors and norms that emerge with the use and adoption of digital technologies in organizations and society. In this study, it is discussed how ready municipalities are in terms of digital transformation and how they can develop digital culture. In this framework, it is focused on what elements should be included in the models that can measure the level of municipalities’ readiness for digital transformation, their digital maturity, and how a digital culture suitable for digital transformation should be for municipalities.

Kaynakça

  • Abhari, K., Chloe, O., Bailey B., ve Williams, D. M. (2021). Co-Governance in Digital Transformation Initiatives: The Roles of Digital Culture and Employee Experience, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Conference Paper, January 2021.
  • Alvesson, M. (2002). Understanding Organizational Culture, London: Sage Publication Ltd.
  • Anbarlı Özbaş, Z. (2019) Dijital Kültür. A. Atik (Ed.), Çevrimiçi İletişim ve Yansımaları içinde. (ss. 77-90), Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı.
  • Asiltürk, A. (2021) İşletmelerde Dijital Dönüşüm Yönetiminde Nihai Hedef: Dijital Olgunluk, Alanya Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 5(2), 647-669.
  • Aslanova I.V. ve Kulichkina A.I. (2020). Digital Maturity: Definition and Model, Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, (138), 443-449.
  • Bakıcı, T., Almirall, E. ve Wareham, J. (2013). A Smart City Initiative: the Case of Barcelona.J Knowl Econ, 2013 (4),135-148.
  • Bondar, S., Hsu, J. C., Pfouga, A., ve Stjepandić, J. (2017). Agile Digital Transformation of System-of-Systems Architecture Models Using Zachman Framework. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 2017 (7), 33–43.
  • Bozkurt, Ö. ve Turgay, E. (2008). Kamu Yönetimi Sözlüğü. Seriye Sezen (Ed.), (2. Baskı), Ankara: TODAİE Yayınları.
  • Burnham, C. (2018). Doesthe Internet Havean Unconscious? Slavoj Žižek and Digital Culture, Newyork: Bloomsbury.
  • Chi, P. M. ve Hong, P. T. T. (2023). Digital Maturity: Theory and Models Applied to Businesses in Vietnam, Proceedings of the 4th Asia Pasific Management Research Conference (APMRC 2022), 519–528.
  • Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., Pardo, T. A., Scholl, H. J. (2012). Understanding Smart Cities: An Integrative Framework. 45th Hawaii International Conference On System Sciences, 2289-2297.
  • Coleman, G. D. ve Olverson, M. (2014). Organızatıonal Development as Part of a Long Term Strategıc Management/Change Effort, Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Management 2014 International Annual Conference, 1-6.
  • Cramner, I. (2021) Digital Maturity in the Public Sector and Citizens’ Sentiment Towards Authorities, A study within the initiative Academy of Lifelong Learningin Partnership with RISE and Google. Degree Project In Computer Science And Engineering, Second Cycle, 30 Credits Stockholm, Sweden. https://www.diva- portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1591257/FULLTEXT01.pdf (02.03.2023).
  • Eggers, W.D. ve Bellman, J. (2015) “The Journey to Government’s Digital Transformation” https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/us/articles/digital-transformation-in- government/DUP_1081_Journey-to-govt-digital-future_MASTER.pdf, (01.02.2023).
  • Debeljak A. ve Dečman, M. (2022), Digital Transformation of Slovenian Urban Municipalities: a Quantitive Report on the Impact of Municipality Population Size on Digital Maturity. The NISP Acee Journal of Public Administration and Policy, 15 (2), 25-51.
  • Deuze, M. (2006). Participation, Remediation, Bricolage: Considering Principal Components of A Digital Culture. The Information Society, 22(2), 63-75.
  • Fesenko, T. ve Fesenko, G. (2017) City-Governance: Conceptualizing Digital Maturity Model, Socrates, 5 (2), 106-122.
  • Field, D., Patel, S. ve Leon, H. (2019). The Dividends of Digital Marketing Maturity. https://www.bcg.com/publications/2019/dividends-digital-marketing-maturity, (10.03.2023).
  • Freiling, J. ve Fichtner, H. (2010). Organizational Culture as the Gluebetween People and Organization: A Competence-based View on Learning and Competence Building, Zeitschrift für Personal for schung, 24(2), 152-172
  • Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R., Pichler-Milanović, N., ve Meijers, E. (2007). Smart Cities: Ranking of European Medium-Sized Cities. https://www.smart-cities.eu/download/smart_cities_final_report.pdf, (16.04.2023).
  • Gong, Y., Yang, J. ve Shi, X. (2020). Towards a Comprehensive Understanding of Digital Transformation in Government: Analysis of Flexibility and Enterprise Architecture. Government Information Quarterly, 37 (3), 1-13.
  • Guy, J. S. (2019) Digital Technology, Digital Culture and the Metric-Nonmetric Distinction. Technologica lForecasting&Social Change, 2019 (145), 55–61.
  • Güvenç, B. (2011). Kültürün ABC’si. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Hilbert, M. (2005) Development Trendsand Challenges For Local e-Governments: Evidence From Municipalities in Chileand Peru. Santiago of Chile: United Nations of Publications.
  • Hinings, B., Gegenhuber, T., ve Greenwood, R. (2018). Digital Innovation and Transformation: An Institutional Perspective. Information and Organization, 28(1), 52–61.
  • Kahn, R. ve Kellner, D. (2008) Technopolitics, Blogs, and Emergent Media Ecologies– A Critical/Reconstructive Approach. In: B. Hawk B.,D. M.Rieder ve O.Oviedo (Ed.), The Culture and Digital Tools içinde (ss. 22-37), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Kane, G.C. (2017). Digital Maturity, Not Digital Transformation. MIT Sloan Blogs, Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA. Apr 4, 2017.
  • Karaca, Y. ve Öztürk, K.N. (2019). Yeni Nesil Belediyecilik: Dijital Belediye Uygulamaları, Uluslalarası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 2 (3), s. 528-537.
  • Khisro, J. (2021).Constraints Of Digital Transformation (Doctoral Dissertation), Department of Applied Information Technology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  • Kiefer, D. (2021). Digital Innovation Culture: A Systematic Literature Review. F.Ahlemann, R.Schütteve S. Stieglitz (Ed.), Innovation Through Information Systems içinde (ss. 305-320), Springer.
  • Kraus, S., Jones, P.,Kailer, N., Weinmann,A., Chaparro-Banegas, N. ve Roig-Tierno, N. (2021). Digital Transformation: An Overview of the Current State of the Art of Research. SAGE Open. July-September 2021: 1– 15.
  • Kroeber, A. L., ve Kluckhohn, C. (1952). Culture: A critical review of concepts and definitions. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology&Ethnology, XLVII, Harvard University.
  • Kurbalija, J. (2016). An Introductionto Internet Governance. Malta: Diplo Foundation.
  • Leblebici, D. N. ve Çelik, D. (2022) Tayvan’ın Yapay Zekâ Politikaları. E. Akman, T.B. Topçu ve A. Chiftchi (Ed.), Yapay Zeka ve Kamu Politikası: Ülke İncelemeleri içinde (ss. 411-430), Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Lasrado, L. A., Vatrapu, R., ve Andersen, K. N. (2016). A Set Theoretical Approach To Maturity Models: Guidelines and Demonstration. 37th International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2016), 1-20.
  • Liu, D., Chen, S., & Chou, T. (2011). Resource fit in digital transformation: Lessons learned from the CBC Bank global e-banking project. Management Decision, 49(10), 1728–1742.
  • Martin, A. (2008). Digital Literacy and the “Digital Society”. C. Lankshearve M. Knobel (Ed.), Digital Literacies: Concepts, Policies, and Practices içinde(ss. 151-176). New York: Peter Lang.
  • Mergel, I., Edelmann, N. ve Haug, N. (2019). Defining Digital Transformation: Results From Expert Interviews. Government Information Quarterly, 36 (4) 1-16.
  • Nam, T. ve Pardo, A.T. (2011). Conceptualizing Smart City with Dimensions of Technology, People, and Institutions. The Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Conference on Digital Governmen tResearch, 281-291.
  • Neville, L.ve Schneider, B. (2021). Why is it so Hard to Change a Culture? It’s the People,. Organization Development Review,53 (1), 41-46.
  • OECD (2003), “The e-Government Imperative”, https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/the-e- government-imperative_9789264101197-en#page1, (27.03.2022).
  • OECD (2014). “Recommendation of the Council on Digital Government Strategies”, https://www.oecd.org/gov/digital-government/Recommendation-digital-government-strategies.pdf, (24.03.2023).
  • OECD (2018). “Digital Government Review of Moracco: Laying the Foundations for the Digital Transformation of the Public Sector in Moracco”. https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/digital-government-review-of- morocco_9789264298729-en#page47, (02.04.2023).
  • Palvia, J. C. S. ve Sharma, S.S. (2007). E-Government and e-Governance: Definitions/Domain, Framework and Status Around the World. 5th International Conference on E-governance (ICEG), 28-30 December 2007, 1-12.
  • Pardo, D. (2017) Has Your Company Achieved Digital Maturity?. eHorusby Pandora FMS, https://ehorus.com/digital-maturity/ (19.02.2023).
  • Pasquali, A. (2003). A Brief Descriptive Glossary of Communication and Information Aimed at Providing Clarification and Improving Mutual Understanding. B, Girard ve Siochrú S.Ó. (Ed.), Communicating in the Information Society içinde. (ss. 195-223), Geneva: UNRISD.
  • Rowles, R. ve Brown,T. (2017). Building Digital Culture: A Practical Guide to Successful Digital Transformation, New Delhi: Kogan Page.
  • Sadiku, M. N. O.,Tembely, M.and Musa, S. M. (2018). Digital Culture, International Journals of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 7(6), 33-34.
  • Schabracq, M. J. (2007) Changing Organizational Culture: The Change Agent’s Guide book, West Sussex: John Wiley&Sons Ltd.
  • Schallmo, D. R., ve Williams, C. A. (2018). Digital Transformation Now!: Guiding the Successful Digitalization of Your Business Model. Cham: Springer.
  • Schumacher, A., Erol, S., ve Sihn, W. (2016). A Maturity Model for Assessing Industry 4.0 Readiness and Maturity of Manufacturing Enterprises. Procedia CIRP-Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable & Virtual Production52 (1), 161-166.
  • Silver, D. (2004). Internet/ Cyberculture/ Digital Culture/ New Media/ Fill-in-the-Blank Studies, New Media and Society 6(1), 55-64.
  • Simić, I. ve Matović, I. M. (2018). Organizational Culture as A Factor of Digital Maturity of Organızatıons in TheTourismSector.3rd International Thematic Monograph-Thematic Proceedings: Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in Present Era, 231-242.
  • Solis, B., Lieb, R. ve Szymanski, J. (2014). The2014 State Of Digital Transformation. Altimeter Group.
  • Stolterman, E. ve Fors, A.C. (2004). Information Technology and the Good Life.B. Kaplan, D. P. Truex, D. Wastell, A.T. Wood-Harper ve J. I. De Gross (Ed.), Information Systems Research: Relevant Theory and Informed Practice içinde (ss. 687–692). London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Thumim, N. (2012). Self-Representation And Digital Culture. Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan
  • TM Forum (2023). “Digital Transformation&Maturity”, https://www.tmforum.org/digital-transformation- maturity/ (18.03.2023).
  • United Nations (2020). “E-Government Survey 2020”, https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en- us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2020 (13.04.2023).
  • Uzelac, A. (2008). How to Understand Digital Culture: Digital Culture-A Resource For A Knowledge Society?. Aleksandra Uzelac, ve B. Cvjetièanin (Eds.) Digital Culture: The Changing Dynamics içinde. (ss. 7-21), Zagreb: Institute for International Relations
  • Grover, V.Tseng, S. L. ve Pu, W. (2022). A Theoretical Perspectiveon Organizational Cultureand Digitalization, Information & Management, 59 (4), 1-13.
  • Warner, K.S.R ve Wäger, M. (2019). Building Dynamic Capabilities For Digital Transformation: An Ongoing Process Of Strategic Renewal. Long Range Planning, 52(3), 326–349.
  • Weritz, P., Jessica B. ve Matute, J. (2020).Exploring the Antecedents of Digital Transformation: Dynamic Capabilities and Digital Culture Aspects to Achieve Digital Maturity, The American Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) 2020 Proceedings, 1-10.
  • Westerman, G., Calméjane, C., Bonnet, D., Ferraris, P. ve McAfee, A. (2011). Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for Billion-Dollar Organizations. MIT Center for Digital Business and Capgemini Consulting, 1-68.
  • Westerman, G., Bonnet, D. ve McAfee, A. (2014). “The Nine Elements of Digital Transformation” MIT Sloan Management Review, 55 (3), 1-6.
  • Westerman, G., Deborah L. S. ve Anand E. (2019). Building Digital-Ready Culture in Traditional Organizations. MIT Sloan Managment Review 60(4): 59-68.
  • Williams, C., Schallmo, D., Lang, K., ve Boardman, L. (2019). Digital Maturity Models for Small and Medium- sized. The ISPIM Innovation Conference – Celebrating Innovation: 500 Years Since da Vinci. Florence: ISPIM.
  • World Economic Forum (2021). Digital Culture: The Driving Force of Digital Transformation, https://www.weforum.org/reports/digital-culture-the-driving-force-of-digital-transformation/ (03.04.2023).

Belediyelerde Dijital Olgunluğun Geliştirilmesinde Dijital Kültürün Etkisi

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 44, 601 - 621, 30.06.2023

Öz

Günümüzde örgüt kültürünü değişime zorlayan en önemli unsur dijital dönüşümdür. Sadece teknolojiden ibaret olmayan dijital dönüşüm örgütleri de değişmeye zorlamaktadır. Dijital dönüşümü başarılı biçimde yönetebilmek ve yönlendirebilmek örgüt kültürünün dijital dönüşüme uygun hale gelmesi ile mümkündür. Örgütlerin dijital dönüşüme ne kadar hazır oldukları onların dijital olgunluk düzeyleri ile alakalıdır. Dijital olgunluk, bir kuruluşun mali kaynakları, insan kaynakları, üretim teknolojisi, üretim yöntemleri, vb. ile topyekûn olarak dijital vasıtalarla değer yaratma yeteneğinin gelişmesidir. Dijital olgunluk düzeyinin en önemli unsuru dijital kültüre sahip olmaktır. Dijital kültür, dijital teknolojilerin örgütlerde ve toplumda kullanımı ve benimsenmesi ile ortaya çıkan davranışları ve normları ifade etmektedir. Bu çalışmada dijital dönüşüm açısından belediyelerin ne kadar hazır oldukları, dijital kültürü nasıl geliştirebilecekleri tartışılmaktadır. Bu çerçevede belediyelerin dijital dönüşüme hazırlık seviyelerini, dijital olgunluk düzeylerini ölçebilecek modellerin hangi unsurları içermesi gerektiği, belediyeler açısından dijital dönüşüme uygun dijital kültürün nasıl olması gerektiği üzerinde durulmaktadır.

Kaynakça

  • Abhari, K., Chloe, O., Bailey B., ve Williams, D. M. (2021). Co-Governance in Digital Transformation Initiatives: The Roles of Digital Culture and Employee Experience, Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, Conference Paper, January 2021.
  • Alvesson, M. (2002). Understanding Organizational Culture, London: Sage Publication Ltd.
  • Anbarlı Özbaş, Z. (2019) Dijital Kültür. A. Atik (Ed.), Çevrimiçi İletişim ve Yansımaları içinde. (ss. 77-90), Ankara: Gece Kitaplığı.
  • Asiltürk, A. (2021) İşletmelerde Dijital Dönüşüm Yönetiminde Nihai Hedef: Dijital Olgunluk, Alanya Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 5(2), 647-669.
  • Aslanova I.V. ve Kulichkina A.I. (2020). Digital Maturity: Definition and Model, Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, (138), 443-449.
  • Bakıcı, T., Almirall, E. ve Wareham, J. (2013). A Smart City Initiative: the Case of Barcelona.J Knowl Econ, 2013 (4),135-148.
  • Bondar, S., Hsu, J. C., Pfouga, A., ve Stjepandić, J. (2017). Agile Digital Transformation of System-of-Systems Architecture Models Using Zachman Framework. Journal of Industrial Information Integration, 2017 (7), 33–43.
  • Bozkurt, Ö. ve Turgay, E. (2008). Kamu Yönetimi Sözlüğü. Seriye Sezen (Ed.), (2. Baskı), Ankara: TODAİE Yayınları.
  • Burnham, C. (2018). Doesthe Internet Havean Unconscious? Slavoj Žižek and Digital Culture, Newyork: Bloomsbury.
  • Chi, P. M. ve Hong, P. T. T. (2023). Digital Maturity: Theory and Models Applied to Businesses in Vietnam, Proceedings of the 4th Asia Pasific Management Research Conference (APMRC 2022), 519–528.
  • Chourabi, H., Nam, T., Walker, S., Gil-Garcia, J. R., Mellouli, S., Nahon, K., Pardo, T. A., Scholl, H. J. (2012). Understanding Smart Cities: An Integrative Framework. 45th Hawaii International Conference On System Sciences, 2289-2297.
  • Coleman, G. D. ve Olverson, M. (2014). Organızatıonal Development as Part of a Long Term Strategıc Management/Change Effort, Proceedings of the American Society for Engineering Management 2014 International Annual Conference, 1-6.
  • Cramner, I. (2021) Digital Maturity in the Public Sector and Citizens’ Sentiment Towards Authorities, A study within the initiative Academy of Lifelong Learningin Partnership with RISE and Google. Degree Project In Computer Science And Engineering, Second Cycle, 30 Credits Stockholm, Sweden. https://www.diva- portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1591257/FULLTEXT01.pdf (02.03.2023).
  • Eggers, W.D. ve Bellman, J. (2015) “The Journey to Government’s Digital Transformation” https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/insights/us/articles/digital-transformation-in- government/DUP_1081_Journey-to-govt-digital-future_MASTER.pdf, (01.02.2023).
  • Debeljak A. ve Dečman, M. (2022), Digital Transformation of Slovenian Urban Municipalities: a Quantitive Report on the Impact of Municipality Population Size on Digital Maturity. The NISP Acee Journal of Public Administration and Policy, 15 (2), 25-51.
  • Deuze, M. (2006). Participation, Remediation, Bricolage: Considering Principal Components of A Digital Culture. The Information Society, 22(2), 63-75.
  • Fesenko, T. ve Fesenko, G. (2017) City-Governance: Conceptualizing Digital Maturity Model, Socrates, 5 (2), 106-122.
  • Field, D., Patel, S. ve Leon, H. (2019). The Dividends of Digital Marketing Maturity. https://www.bcg.com/publications/2019/dividends-digital-marketing-maturity, (10.03.2023).
  • Freiling, J. ve Fichtner, H. (2010). Organizational Culture as the Gluebetween People and Organization: A Competence-based View on Learning and Competence Building, Zeitschrift für Personal for schung, 24(2), 152-172
  • Giffinger, R., Fertner, C., Kramar, H., Kalasek, R., Pichler-Milanović, N., ve Meijers, E. (2007). Smart Cities: Ranking of European Medium-Sized Cities. https://www.smart-cities.eu/download/smart_cities_final_report.pdf, (16.04.2023).
  • Gong, Y., Yang, J. ve Shi, X. (2020). Towards a Comprehensive Understanding of Digital Transformation in Government: Analysis of Flexibility and Enterprise Architecture. Government Information Quarterly, 37 (3), 1-13.
  • Guy, J. S. (2019) Digital Technology, Digital Culture and the Metric-Nonmetric Distinction. Technologica lForecasting&Social Change, 2019 (145), 55–61.
  • Güvenç, B. (2011). Kültürün ABC’si. İstanbul: Yapı Kredi Yayınları.
  • Hilbert, M. (2005) Development Trendsand Challenges For Local e-Governments: Evidence From Municipalities in Chileand Peru. Santiago of Chile: United Nations of Publications.
  • Hinings, B., Gegenhuber, T., ve Greenwood, R. (2018). Digital Innovation and Transformation: An Institutional Perspective. Information and Organization, 28(1), 52–61.
  • Kahn, R. ve Kellner, D. (2008) Technopolitics, Blogs, and Emergent Media Ecologies– A Critical/Reconstructive Approach. In: B. Hawk B.,D. M.Rieder ve O.Oviedo (Ed.), The Culture and Digital Tools içinde (ss. 22-37), Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
  • Kane, G.C. (2017). Digital Maturity, Not Digital Transformation. MIT Sloan Blogs, Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA. Apr 4, 2017.
  • Karaca, Y. ve Öztürk, K.N. (2019). Yeni Nesil Belediyecilik: Dijital Belediye Uygulamaları, Uluslalarası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 2 (3), s. 528-537.
  • Khisro, J. (2021).Constraints Of Digital Transformation (Doctoral Dissertation), Department of Applied Information Technology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
  • Kiefer, D. (2021). Digital Innovation Culture: A Systematic Literature Review. F.Ahlemann, R.Schütteve S. Stieglitz (Ed.), Innovation Through Information Systems içinde (ss. 305-320), Springer.
  • Kraus, S., Jones, P.,Kailer, N., Weinmann,A., Chaparro-Banegas, N. ve Roig-Tierno, N. (2021). Digital Transformation: An Overview of the Current State of the Art of Research. SAGE Open. July-September 2021: 1– 15.
  • Kroeber, A. L., ve Kluckhohn, C. (1952). Culture: A critical review of concepts and definitions. Papers of the Peabody Museum of Archaeology&Ethnology, XLVII, Harvard University.
  • Kurbalija, J. (2016). An Introductionto Internet Governance. Malta: Diplo Foundation.
  • Leblebici, D. N. ve Çelik, D. (2022) Tayvan’ın Yapay Zekâ Politikaları. E. Akman, T.B. Topçu ve A. Chiftchi (Ed.), Yapay Zeka ve Kamu Politikası: Ülke İncelemeleri içinde (ss. 411-430), Ankara: Nobel Yayınevi.
  • Lasrado, L. A., Vatrapu, R., ve Andersen, K. N. (2016). A Set Theoretical Approach To Maturity Models: Guidelines and Demonstration. 37th International Conference on Information Systems (ICIS 2016), 1-20.
  • Liu, D., Chen, S., & Chou, T. (2011). Resource fit in digital transformation: Lessons learned from the CBC Bank global e-banking project. Management Decision, 49(10), 1728–1742.
  • Martin, A. (2008). Digital Literacy and the “Digital Society”. C. Lankshearve M. Knobel (Ed.), Digital Literacies: Concepts, Policies, and Practices içinde(ss. 151-176). New York: Peter Lang.
  • Mergel, I., Edelmann, N. ve Haug, N. (2019). Defining Digital Transformation: Results From Expert Interviews. Government Information Quarterly, 36 (4) 1-16.
  • Nam, T. ve Pardo, A.T. (2011). Conceptualizing Smart City with Dimensions of Technology, People, and Institutions. The Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Conference on Digital Governmen tResearch, 281-291.
  • Neville, L.ve Schneider, B. (2021). Why is it so Hard to Change a Culture? It’s the People,. Organization Development Review,53 (1), 41-46.
  • OECD (2003), “The e-Government Imperative”, https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/the-e- government-imperative_9789264101197-en#page1, (27.03.2022).
  • OECD (2014). “Recommendation of the Council on Digital Government Strategies”, https://www.oecd.org/gov/digital-government/Recommendation-digital-government-strategies.pdf, (24.03.2023).
  • OECD (2018). “Digital Government Review of Moracco: Laying the Foundations for the Digital Transformation of the Public Sector in Moracco”. https://read.oecd-ilibrary.org/governance/digital-government-review-of- morocco_9789264298729-en#page47, (02.04.2023).
  • Palvia, J. C. S. ve Sharma, S.S. (2007). E-Government and e-Governance: Definitions/Domain, Framework and Status Around the World. 5th International Conference on E-governance (ICEG), 28-30 December 2007, 1-12.
  • Pardo, D. (2017) Has Your Company Achieved Digital Maturity?. eHorusby Pandora FMS, https://ehorus.com/digital-maturity/ (19.02.2023).
  • Pasquali, A. (2003). A Brief Descriptive Glossary of Communication and Information Aimed at Providing Clarification and Improving Mutual Understanding. B, Girard ve Siochrú S.Ó. (Ed.), Communicating in the Information Society içinde. (ss. 195-223), Geneva: UNRISD.
  • Rowles, R. ve Brown,T. (2017). Building Digital Culture: A Practical Guide to Successful Digital Transformation, New Delhi: Kogan Page.
  • Sadiku, M. N. O.,Tembely, M.and Musa, S. M. (2018). Digital Culture, International Journals of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering, 7(6), 33-34.
  • Schabracq, M. J. (2007) Changing Organizational Culture: The Change Agent’s Guide book, West Sussex: John Wiley&Sons Ltd.
  • Schallmo, D. R., ve Williams, C. A. (2018). Digital Transformation Now!: Guiding the Successful Digitalization of Your Business Model. Cham: Springer.
  • Schumacher, A., Erol, S., ve Sihn, W. (2016). A Maturity Model for Assessing Industry 4.0 Readiness and Maturity of Manufacturing Enterprises. Procedia CIRP-Changeable, Agile, Reconfigurable & Virtual Production52 (1), 161-166.
  • Silver, D. (2004). Internet/ Cyberculture/ Digital Culture/ New Media/ Fill-in-the-Blank Studies, New Media and Society 6(1), 55-64.
  • Simić, I. ve Matović, I. M. (2018). Organizational Culture as A Factor of Digital Maturity of Organızatıons in TheTourismSector.3rd International Thematic Monograph-Thematic Proceedings: Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in Present Era, 231-242.
  • Solis, B., Lieb, R. ve Szymanski, J. (2014). The2014 State Of Digital Transformation. Altimeter Group.
  • Stolterman, E. ve Fors, A.C. (2004). Information Technology and the Good Life.B. Kaplan, D. P. Truex, D. Wastell, A.T. Wood-Harper ve J. I. De Gross (Ed.), Information Systems Research: Relevant Theory and Informed Practice içinde (ss. 687–692). London: Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  • Thumim, N. (2012). Self-Representation And Digital Culture. Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan
  • TM Forum (2023). “Digital Transformation&Maturity”, https://www.tmforum.org/digital-transformation- maturity/ (18.03.2023).
  • United Nations (2020). “E-Government Survey 2020”, https://publicadministration.un.org/egovkb/en- us/Reports/UN-E-Government-Survey-2020 (13.04.2023).
  • Uzelac, A. (2008). How to Understand Digital Culture: Digital Culture-A Resource For A Knowledge Society?. Aleksandra Uzelac, ve B. Cvjetièanin (Eds.) Digital Culture: The Changing Dynamics içinde. (ss. 7-21), Zagreb: Institute for International Relations
  • Grover, V.Tseng, S. L. ve Pu, W. (2022). A Theoretical Perspectiveon Organizational Cultureand Digitalization, Information & Management, 59 (4), 1-13.
  • Warner, K.S.R ve Wäger, M. (2019). Building Dynamic Capabilities For Digital Transformation: An Ongoing Process Of Strategic Renewal. Long Range Planning, 52(3), 326–349.
  • Weritz, P., Jessica B. ve Matute, J. (2020).Exploring the Antecedents of Digital Transformation: Dynamic Capabilities and Digital Culture Aspects to Achieve Digital Maturity, The American Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS) 2020 Proceedings, 1-10.
  • Westerman, G., Calméjane, C., Bonnet, D., Ferraris, P. ve McAfee, A. (2011). Digital Transformation: A Roadmap for Billion-Dollar Organizations. MIT Center for Digital Business and Capgemini Consulting, 1-68.
  • Westerman, G., Bonnet, D. ve McAfee, A. (2014). “The Nine Elements of Digital Transformation” MIT Sloan Management Review, 55 (3), 1-6.
  • Westerman, G., Deborah L. S. ve Anand E. (2019). Building Digital-Ready Culture in Traditional Organizations. MIT Sloan Managment Review 60(4): 59-68.
  • Williams, C., Schallmo, D., Lang, K., ve Boardman, L. (2019). Digital Maturity Models for Small and Medium- sized. The ISPIM Innovation Conference – Celebrating Innovation: 500 Years Since da Vinci. Florence: ISPIM.
  • World Economic Forum (2021). Digital Culture: The Driving Force of Digital Transformation, https://www.weforum.org/reports/digital-culture-the-driving-force-of-digital-transformation/ (03.04.2023).
Toplam 67 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Kamu Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makalesi
Yazarlar

Dilek Çelik

Doğan Nadi Leblebici 0000-0002-7666-3623

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 23 Haziran 2023
Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Haziran 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 25 Sayı: 44

Kaynak Göster

APA Çelik, D., & Leblebici, D. N. (2023). Belediyelerde Dijital Olgunluğun Geliştirilmesinde Dijital Kültürün Etkisi. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Sosyal Ve Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 25(44), 601-621.

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