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Nörofinans Bağlamında Testosteron ve Östrojenin Anlaşılması: Sistematik Bir Derleme

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 339 - 362, 31.12.2025

Yusuf Polat

https://doi.org/10.38122/ased.1738198

Öz

Yakın zamanlarda yapılan davranışsal ve nörofinans çalışmaları, ekonomik davranışın çok katmanlı bir yapıya sahip olduğunu ve bunun biyolojiden kimyaya, psikolojiden psikanalize, psikopatolojiden çeşitli sendromlara kadar birçok ayağının bulunduğunu ortaya koymaya devam etmektedir. Bu bağlamda, konunun farmakolojik yönünde, özellikle dopamin ve serotonin gibi nörotransmiterlerin ekonomik davranış üzerindeki çarpıcı etkileri literatürde sıkça incelenmektedir. Finans-farmakoloji ilişkisinin bir diğer önemli boyutu olan endokrin sistemle ilgili olarak, özellikle kortizol gibi hormonlar üzerine yapılan çalışmalar, kayda değer bulgular sunmaktadır. Kortizol ile birlikte en yoğun biçimde incelenen diğer hormonlar ise cinsiyet hormonları (testosteron, östrojen ve progesteron) olup, bu çalışmada testosteron ve östrojenin finansal konular üzerindeki etkilerine ilişkin mevcut literatürde yer alan bulgulara dayanarak belirli çıkarımlar yapılarak literatüre katkı sağlanması amaçlanmaktadır. Özellikle testosteronun agresyon ve dominasyon ile ilişkisinin ve östrojenin sedasyon ve inhibisyon ile ilişkisinin yarattığı davranışsal etkiler, bireylerin finansal karar alma süreçlerini geniş bir spektrumda etkilemektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Nörofinans Testosteron Östrojen 2D:4D Cinsiyet Hormonları

Kaynakça

  • Apicella, C. L., Carré, J. M., & Dreber, A. (2015). Testosterone and economic risk taking: A review. Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, 1, 358–385.
  • Apicella, C. L., Dreber, A., & Mollerstrom, J. (2014). Salivary testosterone change following monetary wins and losses predicts future financial risk-taking. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 39, 58–64.
  • Apicella, C. L., Dreber, A., Campbell, B., Gray, P. B., Hoffman, M., & Little, A. C. (2008). Testosterone and financial risk preferences. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29(6), 384– 390.
  • Armbruster, D., Kirschbaum, C., & Strobel, A. (2021). Androgenic morality? Associations of sex, oral contraceptive use and basal testosterone levels with moral decision making. Behavioural Brain Research, 408, 113196.
  • Barel, E., Shahrabani, S., & Tzischinsky, O. (2017). Sex hormone/cortisol ratios differentially modulate risk-taking in men and women. Evolutionary Psychology, 15(1), 1474704917697333.
  • Barzilai, R. (2023). How Testosterone and Serotonin Drive the Shift in Global Power Dynamics, and Geopolitics of Social Conflict in the Clash of Civilizations. Journal of NeuroPhilosophy, 2(1), 1.
  • Bhattacharjee, J., Singh, R., & Kajol, K. (2021). Risk perception in respect of equity shares: A literature review and future research agenda. DLSU Business and Economics Review, 30(2), 101–119.
  • Bosch-Domènech, A., Brañas-Garza, P., & Espín, A. M. (2013). Fetal testosterone (2D: 4D) as predictor of cognitive reflection. ESI Working Paper 13-18. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/ esi_working_papers/40
  • Bosch-Domènech, A., Brañas-Garza, P., & Espín, A. M. (2014). Can exposure to prenatal sex hormones (2D: 4D) predict cognitive reflection? Psychoneuroendocrinology, 43, 1–10.
  • Branas-Garza, P., & Rustichini, A. (2011). Organizing effects of testosterone and economic behavior: Not just risk taking. PloS One, 6(12), e29842.
  • Burnham, T. C. (2007). High-testosterone men reject low ultimatum game offers. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274(1623), 2327–2330.
  • Celec, P., Ostatníková, D., & Hodosy, J. (2015). On the effects of testosterone on brain behavioral functions. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 9, 116423.
  • Coates, J. M., & Herbert, J. (2008). Endogenous steroids and financial risk taking on a London trading floor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(16), 6167–6172.
  • Coates, J. M., Gurnell, M., & Rustichini, A. (2009). Second-to-fourth digit ratio predicts success among high-frequency financial traders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(2), 623–628.
  • Cook, C. J., & Crewther, B. T. (2019). Within-and between-person variation in morning testosterone is associated with economic risk-related decisions in athletic women across the menstrual cycle. Hormones and Behavior, 112, 77–80.
  • Dalton, P. S., & Ghosal, S. (2018). Self-confidence, overconfidence and prenatal testosterone exposure: Evidence from the lab. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 12, 5.
  • Desmoulins–Lebeault, F., Gajewski, J. F., & Meunier, L. (2023). The impacts of incentive contracts and hormones on risk taking. Finance, 44(2), 3–36.
  • Doi, H., Nishitani, S., & Shinohara, K. (2015). Sex difference in the relationship between salivary testosterone and inter-temporal choice. Hormones and Behavior, 69, 50–58.
  • Duncan, K. A. (2020). Estrogen formation and inactivation following TBI: What we know and where we could go. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11, 345.
  • El Ahdab, J., Khachan, M. J., Richa, S., & Raad, G. (2023). A comprehensive review on the role of testosterone on the neurobehavioral systems implicated in the reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality. L'encephale, 49(2), 174–184.
  • Erkan, M. K., & Kavas, Y. B. (2022). Hormones and financial decision making processes. In Ş. Karabulut (Ed.), Developments in Financial and Economic Fields at the National and Global Scale (pp. 185–200). Gazi Kitabevi.
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Understanding Testosterone and Estrogen in Context of Neurofinance: A Systematic Review

Yıl 2025, Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2, 339 - 362, 31.12.2025

Yusuf Polat

https://doi.org/10.38122/ased.1738198

Öz

Recent behavioral and neurofinance studies continue to reveal that economic behavior has a multifaceted structure, encompassing various dimensions from biology and chemistry to psychology, psychoanalysis, psychopathology, and a range of syndromes. In this context, the pharmacological aspect of the subject, particularly the striking effects of neurotransmitters such as dopamine and serotonin on economic behavior, has been frequently examined in the literature. Another significant dimension of the finance-pharmacology relationship is the endocrine system, with studies focusing on hormones like cortisol providing noteworthy findings. Along with cortisol, the other most intensively studied hormones are sex hormones (testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone). This study aims to make specific inferences based on existing findings in the literature regarding the effects of testosterone and estrogen on financial matters, thereby contributing to the current body of knowledge. In particular, the behavioral effects of testosterone's relationship with aggression and dominance, and estrogen's connection with sedation and inhibition, influence individuals' financial decision-making processes across a broad spectrum.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Neurofinance Testosterone Estrogen 2D:4D Sex Hormones

Kaynakça

  • Apicella, C. L., Carré, J. M., & Dreber, A. (2015). Testosterone and economic risk taking: A review. Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, 1, 358–385.
  • Apicella, C. L., Dreber, A., & Mollerstrom, J. (2014). Salivary testosterone change following monetary wins and losses predicts future financial risk-taking. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 39, 58–64.
  • Apicella, C. L., Dreber, A., Campbell, B., Gray, P. B., Hoffman, M., & Little, A. C. (2008). Testosterone and financial risk preferences. Evolution and Human Behavior, 29(6), 384– 390.
  • Armbruster, D., Kirschbaum, C., & Strobel, A. (2021). Androgenic morality? Associations of sex, oral contraceptive use and basal testosterone levels with moral decision making. Behavioural Brain Research, 408, 113196.
  • Barel, E., Shahrabani, S., & Tzischinsky, O. (2017). Sex hormone/cortisol ratios differentially modulate risk-taking in men and women. Evolutionary Psychology, 15(1), 1474704917697333.
  • Barzilai, R. (2023). How Testosterone and Serotonin Drive the Shift in Global Power Dynamics, and Geopolitics of Social Conflict in the Clash of Civilizations. Journal of NeuroPhilosophy, 2(1), 1.
  • Bhattacharjee, J., Singh, R., & Kajol, K. (2021). Risk perception in respect of equity shares: A literature review and future research agenda. DLSU Business and Economics Review, 30(2), 101–119.
  • Bosch-Domènech, A., Brañas-Garza, P., & Espín, A. M. (2013). Fetal testosterone (2D: 4D) as predictor of cognitive reflection. ESI Working Paper 13-18. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/ esi_working_papers/40
  • Bosch-Domènech, A., Brañas-Garza, P., & Espín, A. M. (2014). Can exposure to prenatal sex hormones (2D: 4D) predict cognitive reflection? Psychoneuroendocrinology, 43, 1–10.
  • Branas-Garza, P., & Rustichini, A. (2011). Organizing effects of testosterone and economic behavior: Not just risk taking. PloS One, 6(12), e29842.
  • Burnham, T. C. (2007). High-testosterone men reject low ultimatum game offers. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 274(1623), 2327–2330.
  • Celec, P., Ostatníková, D., & Hodosy, J. (2015). On the effects of testosterone on brain behavioral functions. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 9, 116423.
  • Coates, J. M., & Herbert, J. (2008). Endogenous steroids and financial risk taking on a London trading floor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 105(16), 6167–6172.
  • Coates, J. M., Gurnell, M., & Rustichini, A. (2009). Second-to-fourth digit ratio predicts success among high-frequency financial traders. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106(2), 623–628.
  • Cook, C. J., & Crewther, B. T. (2019). Within-and between-person variation in morning testosterone is associated with economic risk-related decisions in athletic women across the menstrual cycle. Hormones and Behavior, 112, 77–80.
  • Dalton, P. S., & Ghosal, S. (2018). Self-confidence, overconfidence and prenatal testosterone exposure: Evidence from the lab. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 12, 5.
  • Desmoulins–Lebeault, F., Gajewski, J. F., & Meunier, L. (2023). The impacts of incentive contracts and hormones on risk taking. Finance, 44(2), 3–36.
  • Doi, H., Nishitani, S., & Shinohara, K. (2015). Sex difference in the relationship between salivary testosterone and inter-temporal choice. Hormones and Behavior, 69, 50–58.
  • Duncan, K. A. (2020). Estrogen formation and inactivation following TBI: What we know and where we could go. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 11, 345.
  • El Ahdab, J., Khachan, M. J., Richa, S., & Raad, G. (2023). A comprehensive review on the role of testosterone on the neurobehavioral systems implicated in the reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality. L'encephale, 49(2), 174–184.
  • Erkan, M. K., & Kavas, Y. B. (2022). Hormones and financial decision making processes. In Ş. Karabulut (Ed.), Developments in Financial and Economic Fields at the National and Global Scale (pp. 185–200). Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Fairley, K., Fornwagner, H., & Okbay, A. (2024). Brains, hormones, and genes: Introduction to the special issue on the biological foundations of economic decision-making. Journal of Economic Psychology, 100, 102683.
  • Ferjančič, U., Bajrović, F., & Valentinčič, A. (2024). Effects of neuroticism–anxiety and sociability personality traits on the relationship between testosterone and risk propensity in finance. Economic & Business Review, 26(3).
  • Fisher, M. (2015). Wall Street women: Professional saviors of the global economy. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 11(2), 137–155.
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  • Knight, E. L., Morales, P. J., Christian, C. B., Prasad, S., Harbaugh, W. T., Mehta, P. H., & Mayr, U. (2022). The causal effect of testosterone on men’s competitive behavior is moderated by basal cortisol and cues to an opponent’s status: Evidence for a context-dependent dualhormone hypothesis. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 123(4), 693.
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  • Mehta, P. H., DesJardins, N. M., van Vugt, M., & Josephs, R. A. (2017). Hormonal underpinnings of status conflict: Testosterone and cortisol are related to decisions and satisfaction in the hawk–dove game. Hormones and Behavior, 92, 141–154.
  • Mehta, P. H., Snyder, N. A., Knight, E. L., & Lassetter, B. (2015). Close versus decisive victory moderates the effect of testosterone change on competitive decisions and task enjoyment. Adaptive Human Behavior and Physiology, 1, 291–311.
  • Mehta, P. H., Welker, K. M., Zilioli, S., & Carré, J. M. (2015). Testosterone and cortisol jointly modulate risk-taking. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 56, 88–99.
  • Montoya, E. R., Terburg, D., Bos, P. A., Will, G. J., Buskens, V., Raub, W., & van Honk, J. (2013). Testosterone administration modulates moral judgments depending on second-to-fourth digit ratio. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(8), 1362–1369.
  • Nadler, A., Jiao, P., Alexander, V., Johnson, C., & Zak, P. (2015). Testosterone and trading: A biological driver of asset mispricing. SSRN. https://ssrn.com/abstract=2557094
  • Nadler, A., Jiao, P., Johnson, C. J., Alexander, V., & Zak, P. J. (2018). The bull of Wall Street: Experimental analysis of testosterone and asset trading. Management Science, 64(9), 4032– 4051.
  • Nadler, A., Wibral, M., Dohmen, T., Falk, A., Previtero, A., Weber, B., & Nave, G. (2021). Does testosterone increase willingness to compete, confidence, and risk-taking in men? Evidence from two randomized placebo-controlled experiments. PsyArXiv, 1942917, 1–47.
  • Nave, G., Nadler, A., Zava, D., & Camerer, C. (2017). Single-dose testosterone administration impairs cognitive reflection in men. Psychological Science, 28(7), 956797617709592.
  • Nicolaou, N., Patel, P. C., & Wolfe, M. T. (2018). Testosterone and tendency to engage in selfemployment. Management Science, 64(4), 1825–1841.
  • Njegovanović, A. (2018). Obrazovanje za poduzetništvo – E4E: Znanstveno Stručni Časopis O Obrazovanju Za Poduzetništvo, 8(Special issue/Posebn). Gender Differences in Financial Risk Aversion (The Role of Hormones in Financial Market), 155–170.
  • Nofsinger, J. R., Patterson, F. M., & Shank, C. A. (2018). Decision-making, financial risk aversion, and behavioral biases: The role of testosterone and stress. Economics & Human Biology, 29, 1–16.
  • Nofsinger, J. R., Patterson, F. M., & Shank, C. A. (2021). On the physiology of investment biases: The role of cortisol and testosterone. Journal of Behavioral Finance, 22(3), 338–349.
  • Oefelein, M. G., Feng, A., Scolieri, M. J., Ricchiutti, D., & Resnick, M. I. (2000). Reassessment of the definition of castrate levels of testosterone: Implications for clinical decision making. Urology, 56(6), 1021–1024.
  • Oliveira, G. A., & Oliveira, R. F. (2014). Androgen modulation of social decision-making mechanisms in the brain: An integrative and embodied perspective. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 8, 209.
  • Oliveira, G. A., & Oliveira, R. F. (2014). Androgen responsiveness to competition in humans: The role of cognitive variables. Neuroscience and Neuroeconomics, 19–32.
  • Olson, E. A., Rosso, I. M., Demers, L. A., Divatia, S., & Killgore, W. D. (2016). Sex differences in psychological factors associated with social discounting. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 29(1), 60–66.
  • Orsini, C. A., Blaes, S. L., Hernandez, C. M., Betzhold, S. M., Perera, H., Wheeler, A. R., & Setlow, B. (2021). Regulation of risky decision making by gonadal hormones in males and females. Neuropsychopharmacology, 46(3), 603–613.
  • Orsini, C. A., Willis, M. L., Gilbert, R. J., Bizon, J. L., & Setlow, B. (2016). Sex differences in a rat model of risky decision making. Behavioral Neuroscience, 130(1), 50.
  • Ou, J., Wu, Y., Hu, Y., Gao, X., Li, H., & Tobler, P. N. (2021). Testosterone reduces generosity through cortical and subcortical mechanisms. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(12), e2021745118.
  • Peper, J. S., Koolschijn, P. C., & Crone, E. A. (2013). Development of risk taking: Contributions from adolescent testosterone and the orbito-frontal cortex. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 25(12), 2141–2150.
  • Ronay, R., & Van Hippel, W. (2010). The presence of an attractive woman elevates testosterone and physical risk taking in young men. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1(1), 57– 64.
  • Sanchez–Pages, S., & Turiegano, E. (2010). Testosterone, facial symmetry, and cooperation in the prisoners' dilemma. Physiology & Behavior, 99(3), 355–361.
  • Serpell, B. G., & Cook, C. J. (2021). Testosterone and cortisol are more predictive of choice behavior than a social nudge in adult males on a simple gift give–get task. Stress, 24(6), 1057–1063.
  • Sherman, G. D., Lerner, J. S., Josephs, R. A., Renshon, J., & Gross, J. J. (2016). The interaction of testosterone and cortisol is associated with attained status in male executives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 110(6), 921.
  • Shields, G. S., Ivory, S. L., & Telzer, E. H. (2019). Three-month cumulative exposure to testosterone and cortisol predicts distinct effects on response inhibition and risky decision-making in adolescents. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 110, 104412.
  • Smith, C. T., Sierra, Y., Oppler, S. H., & Boettiger, C. A. (2014). Ovarian cycle effects on immediate reward selection bias in humans: A role for estradiol. Journal of Neuroscience, 34(16), 5468–5476.
  • Smith, K. M., & Apicella, C. L. (2017). Winners, losers, and posers: The effect of power poses on testosterone and risk-taking following competition. Hormones and Behavior, 92, 172–181.
  • Smith, T. G. (2023). Endocrine state is the physical manifestation of subjective beliefs. Journal of Economic Psychology, 96, 102620.
  • Stanton, S. J. (2017). The role of testosterone and estrogen in consumer behavior and social & economic decision making: A review. Hormones and Behavior, 92, 155–163.
  • Stanton, S. J., Mullette–Gillman, O. D., McLaurin, R. E., Kuhn, C. M., LaBar, K. S., Platt, M. L., & Huettel, S. A. (2011). Low-and high-testosterone individuals exhibit decreased aversion to economic risk. Psychological Science, 22(4), 447–453.
  • Stanton, S. J., Welker, K. M., Bonin, P. L., Goldfarb, B., & Carré, J. M. (2021). The effect of testosterone on economic risk-taking: A multi-study, multi-method investigation. Hormones and Behavior, 134, 105014.
  • Şamandar, Ö., & Çömlekçı, İ. (2019). Kişilik tiplerinin davranışsal finans kapsamında değerlendirilmesi. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(2), 557–575.
  • Takahashi, T., Sakaguchi, K., Oki, M., & Hasegawa, T. (2008). Sex hormonal modulation of hyperbolic discount factor in men. Journal of Neuroscience, Psychology, and Economics, 1(1), 7–14.
  • Takahashi, T., Sakaguchi, K., Oki, M., Homma, S., & Hasegawa, T. (2006). Testosterone levels and discounting delayed monetary gains and losses in male humans. Neuroendocrinology Letters, 27(4), 439–444.
  • Tan, D., & Vyas, A. (2016). Toxoplasma gondii infection and testosterone congruently increase tolerance of male rats for risk of reward forfeiture. Hormones and Behavior, 79, 37–44.
  • Trahms, C. A., Coombs, J. E., & Barrick, M. (2010). Does biology matter? How prenatal testosterone, entrepreneur risk propensity, and entrepreneur risk perceptions influence venture performance. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, 30(5), 4.
  • Tufan, C., & Sarıçiçek, R. (2013). Davranışsal finans modelleri, etkin piyasa hipotezi ve anomalilerine ilişkin bir değerlendirme. Trakya Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15(2), 159–182.
  • Van Honk, J., Schutter, D. J., Hermans, E. J., Putman, P., Tuiten, A., & Koppeschaar, H. (2004). Testosterone shifts the balance between sensitivity for punishment and reward in healthy young women. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 29(7), 937–943.
  • Vermeer, A. L., Riečanský, I., & Eisenegger, C. (2016). Competition, testosterone, and adult neurobehavioral plasticity. Progress in Brain Research, 229, 213–238.
  • Votinov, M., Knyazeva, I., Habel, U., Konrad, K., & Puiu, A. A. (2022). A Bayesian modeling approach to examine the role of testosterone administration on the endowment effect and risk-taking. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 16, 858168.
  • Wagels, L., Votinov, M., Radke, S., Clemens, B., Montag, C., Jung, S., & Habel, U. (2017). Blunted insula activation reflects increased risk and reward seeking as an interaction of testosterone administration and the MAOA polymorphism. Human Brain Mapping, 38(9), 4574–4593.
  • White, R. E., Thornhill, S., & Hampson, E. (2006). Entrepreneurs and evolutionary biology: The relationship between testosterone and new venture creation. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 100(1), 21–34.
  • Wood, R. I., & Serpa, R. O. (2020). Anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse and cognitive impairment: Testosterone impairs biconditional task performance in male rats. Behavioural Brain Research, 379, 112339.
  • Wood, R. I., Chen, M. Y., & Snow, E. (2024). Chronic high-dose testosterone impairs economic decision making, but has no effect on memory in male rats. Behavioural Processes, 218, 105044.
  • Wozniak, D., Harbaugh, W. T., & Mayr, U. (2009). Choices about competition: Differences by gender and hormonal fluctuations, and the role of relative performance feedback. Available at SSRN, 1564895.
  • Wu, Y., Clark, L., Zilioli, S., Eisenegger, C., Gillan, C. M., Deng, H., & Li, H. (2018). Single dose testosterone administration modulates emotional reactivity and counterfactual choice in healthy males. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 90, 127–133.
  • Wu, Y., Liao, J., Zilioli, S., Wu, Y., Deng, H., Li, H., & Tobler, P. N. (2019). Testosterone administration increases social discounting in healthy males. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 108, 127–134.
  • Zak, P. J., & Fakhar, A. (2006). Neuroactive hormones and interpersonal trust: International evidence. Economics & Human Biology, 4(3), 412–429.
  • Zak, P. J., Kurzban, R., Ahmadi, S., Swerdloff, R. S., Park, J., Efremidze, L., & Matzner, W. (2009). Testosterone administration decreases generosity in the ultimatum game. PloS One, 4(12), e8330.
Toplam 93 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular İktisat Psikolojisi
Bölüm Derleme
Yazarlar

Yusuf Polat 0000-0002-2255-0658

Gönderilme Tarihi 9 Temmuz 2025
Kabul Tarihi 22 Aralık 2025
Yayımlanma Tarihi 31 Aralık 2025
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2025 Cilt: 9 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Polat, Y. (2025). Understanding Testosterone and Estrogen in Context of Neurofinance: A Systematic Review. Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(2), 339-362. https://doi.org/10.38122/ased.1738198
AMA Polat Y. Understanding Testosterone and Estrogen in Context of Neurofinance: A Systematic Review. ASED. Aralık 2025;9(2):339-362. doi:10.38122/ased.1738198
Chicago Polat, Yusuf. “Understanding Testosterone and Estrogen in Context of Neurofinance: A Systematic Review”. Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 9, sy. 2 (Aralık 2025): 339-62. https://doi.org/10.38122/ased.1738198.
EndNote Polat Y (01 Aralık 2025) Understanding Testosterone and Estrogen in Context of Neurofinance: A Systematic Review. Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 9 2 339–362.
IEEE Y. Polat, “Understanding Testosterone and Estrogen in Context of Neurofinance: A Systematic Review”, ASED, c. 9, sy. 2, ss. 339–362, 2025, doi: 10.38122/ased.1738198.
ISNAD Polat, Yusuf. “Understanding Testosterone and Estrogen in Context of Neurofinance: A Systematic Review”. Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 9/2 (Aralık2025), 339-362. https://doi.org/10.38122/ased.1738198.
JAMA Polat Y. Understanding Testosterone and Estrogen in Context of Neurofinance: A Systematic Review. ASED. 2025;9:339–362.
MLA Polat, Yusuf. “Understanding Testosterone and Estrogen in Context of Neurofinance: A Systematic Review”. Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, c. 9, sy. 2, 2025, ss. 339-62, doi:10.38122/ased.1738198.
Vancouver Polat Y. Understanding Testosterone and Estrogen in Context of Neurofinance: A Systematic Review. ASED. 2025;9(2):339-62.