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CBT Intervention Post-2023 Southeast Türkiye Quake: A Case Study

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 13 - 32, 30.06.2024

Metin Çınaroğlu

https://doi.org/10.38122/ased.1474770

Abstract

This case study investigates the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) in treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in an individual survivor of the catastrophic 2023 Southeast Türkiye Earthquake. The study aims to provide detailed insights into the therapeutic process and outcomes of CBT applied in a post-disaster context. A 38-year-old female survivor, pseudonymously named Serpil, participated in an eight-week structured CBT program specifically tailored to address her severe PTSD symptoms following the earthquake. The therapeutic interventions included exposure therapy, cognitive restructuring, and relaxation techniques. Data collection was achieved using quantitative methods such as the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), supplemented by qualitative assessments through detailed therapy session notes and Serpil’s personal reflections. The intervention led to significant improvements in Serpil's PTSD symptoms, particularly a reduction in the frequency and severity of nightmares and flashbacks. Serpil reported enhanced coping mechanisms, which improved her overall psychological resilience and functionality. The data illustrate a notable decrease in PTSD symptomatology, corroborated by scores from CAPS and BDI, indicating an overall improvement in mental health and quality of life. This case study underscores the potential of CBT as a potent intervention for managing PTSD in survivors of natural disasters. It highlights the necessity of integrating specialized psychotherapeutic techniques in disaster response initiatives to address the psychological impacts effectively. The findings advocate for broader implementation and evaluation of similar interventions across diverse post-disaster settings to confirm these results and optimize treatment protocols. Further research with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods is recommended to enhance the generalizability and understanding of CBT's long-term effectiveness in disaster-stricken populations.

Keywords

PTSD CBT earthquake disaster psychology trauma therapy case study

References

  • Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı (2023, February). 06 şubat 2023 Pazarcik-elbistan Kahramanmaraş (mw: 7.7 – mw: 7.6) depremleri raporu. AFAD. https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/earthquake-reports
  • Assigana, E., Chang, E., Cho, S., Kotecha, V., Liu, B., Turner, H., ... & Stevens, S. M. (2014, October). TF-CBT triangle of life: a game to help with cognitive behavioral therapy. In Proceedings of the first ACM SIGCHI annual symposium on Computer-human interaction in play (pp. 9-16). https://doi.org/10.1145/2658537.2658684
  • Back, S. E., Killeen, T. K., Cotton, B. D., & Carroll, K. M. (2014). Concurrent treatment of PTSD and substance use disorders using prolonged exposure (COPE): Therapist guide. Treatments That Work. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000286
  • Bartanian, G. J. (2019). Mindful Grounding and Trauma. University of the West.
  • Basoglu, M., & Salcioglu, E. (2011). A mental healthcare model for mass trauma survivors: Control-focused behavioral treatment of earthquake, war and torture trauma.
  • Başoğlu, M., Livanou, M., Şalcioğlu, E., & Kalender, D. (2003). A brief behavioural treatment of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder in earthquake survivors: results from an open clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 33(4), 647-654. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291703007360
  • Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1987). Beck depression inventory. New York:: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
  • Beck, J. S. (2020). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond. Guilford Publications.
  • Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., Nagy, L. M., Kaloupek, D. G., Gusman, F. D., Charney, D. S., & Keane, T. M. (1995). The development of a clinician-administered PTSD scale. Journal of traumatic stress, 8, 75-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02105408
  • Boysan, M., Guzel Ozdemir, P., Yilmaz, E., Selvi, Y., Özdemir, O., & Celal Kefeli, M. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Clinician-Administered PTSD scale for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (Turkish CAPS-5). Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 27(2), 173-184. https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2017.1326746
  • Bulut, S. (2021). Human dimension of the 1999 Marmara earthquakes in Turkey: Traumatic menthal health effects and consequences. International Journal of Psychology and Counselling.
  • Dahal, H. R., Kumar, D. S., & Thapa, D. (2018). Prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorders among the survivors of 2015 Nepal earthquake, in Dhading, Nepal.
  • Dai, W., Chen, L., Lai, Z., Li, Y., Wang, J., & Liu, A. (2016). The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors after earthquakes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC psychiatry, 16(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0891-9
  • Draguns, J. G. (2013). Cross-cultural and international extensions of evidence-based psychotherapy: toward more effective and sensitive psychological services everywhere. Psychologia, 56(2), 74-88. https://doi.org/10.2117/psysoc.2013.74
  • Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2008). Post-traumatic stress disorder: The development of effective psychological treatments. Nordic journal of psychiatry, 62(sup47), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039480802315608
  • Farooqui, M., Quadri, S. A., Suriya, S. S., Khan, M. A., Ovais, M., Sohail, Z., ... & Hassan, M. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder: a serious post-earthquake complication. Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy, 39, 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0029
  • Fenn, K., & Byrne, M. (2013). The key principles of cognitive behavioural therapy. InnovAiT, 6(9), 579-585. https://doi.org/10.1177/1755738012471029
  • Foa, E. B., Rothbaum, B. O., & Furr, J. M. (2003a). Augmenting exposure therapy with other CBT procedures. Psychiatric Annals, 33(1), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-20030101-08
  • Foa, E. B., Rothbaum, B. O., & Furr, J. M. (2003b). Augmenting exposure therapy with other CBT procedures. Psychiatric Annals, 33(1), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-20030101-08
  • Foreman, E. I., & Hough, A. (1995). Post-traumatic stress disorder. Physiotherapy in Mental Health, 341-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-1700-0.50032-6
  • Kapci, E. G., Uslu, R., Turkcapar, H., & Karaoglan, A. (2008). Beck Depression Inventory II: evaluation of the psychometric properties and cut‐off points in a Turkish adult population. Depression and anxiety, 25(10), E104-E110. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20371
  • Lahad, M., & Doron, M. (2010). Protocol for treatment of post traumatic stress disorder: See far cbt model: Beyond cognitive behavior therapy (Vol. 70). IOS press. anxiety, 25(10), E104-E110.
  • LiTz, B. T., & SALTErS-PEdnEAuLT, K. (2013). The art of evidence-based treatment of trauma survivors. In The art and science of psychotherapy (pp. 211-230). Routledge.
  • Longmore, R. J., & Worrell, M. (2007). Do we need to challenge thoughts in cognitive behavior therapy?. Clinical psychology review, 27(2), 173-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2006.08.001
  • Milne, D. L., & Reiser, R. P. (2017). A manual for evidence-based CBT supervision. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Monson, C. M., & Friedman, M. J. (2006). Back to the future of understanding trauma. Cognitive-behavioral therapies for trauma, 1.
  • Sijbrandij, M., Olff, M., Reitsma, J. B., Carlier, I. V., de Vries, M. H., & Gersons, B. P. (2007). Treatment of acute posttraumatic stress disorder with brief cognitive behavioral therapy: a randomized controlled trial. American journal of Psychiatry, 164(1), 82-90.
  • Stein, M. B., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2018). 175 years of progress in PTSD therapeutics: learning from the past. American journal of psychiatry, 175(6), 508-516. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17080955
  • Tang, B., Deng, Q., Glik, D., Dong, J., & Zhang, L. (2017). A meta-analysis of risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults and children after earthquakes. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(12), 1537. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121537
  • Taucer, F., Alarcon, J. E., & So, E. (2009). 2007 August 15 magnitude 7.9 earthquake near the coast of Central Peru: analysis and field mission report. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 7, 1-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-008-9092-3
  • Valladares-Garrido, M. J., Zapata-Castro, L. E., Peralta, C. I., García-Vicente, A., Astudillo-Rueda, D., León-Figueroa, D. A., & Díaz-Vélez, C. (2022). Post-traumatic stress disorder after the 6.1 magnitude earthquake in Piura, Peru: a cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(17), 11035. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191711035
  • Van Rooij, A. J., Zinn, M. F., Schoenmakers, T. M., & Van de Mheen, D. (2012). Treating internet addiction with cognitive-behavioral therapy: A thematic analysis of the experiences of therapists. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 10, 69-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-010-9295-0
  • World Health Organization (2023, May). Türkiye earthquake, external situation report no.9:1. WHO Türkiye. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/370621/WHO-EURO-2023-7145-46911-70035-eng.pdf?sequence=1
  • Yurica, C. L., & DiTomasso, R. A. (2005). Cognitive distortions. Encyclopedia of cognitive behavior therapy, 117-122. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48581-8_36

2023 Güneydoğu Türkiye Depremi Sonrası BDT Müdahalesi: Bir Vaka Çalışması

Year 2024, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 13 - 32, 30.06.2024

Metin Çınaroğlu

https://doi.org/10.38122/ased.1474770

Abstract

Bu vaka çalışması, 2023 Güneydoğu Türkiye Depremi'nden sağ kurtulan bir bireyde Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu (TSSB) tedavisinde Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi'nin (BDT) etkinliğini araştırmaktadır. Çalışma, afet sonrası bir bağlamda uygulanan BDT'nin terapötik sürecine ve sonuçlarına detaylı bir bakış sunmayı amaçlamaktadır.
Depremden ciddi TSSB semptomları yaşayan 38 yaşındaki kadın bir sağ kalan, Serpil (takma ad), sekiz haftalık özel olarak tasarlanmış BDT programına katılmıştır. Terapötik müdahaleler maruz kalma terapisi, bilişsel yeniden yapılandırma ve gevşeme tekniklerini içermiştir. Veri toplama, Klinisyen Yönetimli PTSD Ölçeği (CAPS) ve Beck Depresyon Envanteri (BDI) gibi niceliksel yöntemler kullanılarak, ayrıntılı terapi oturum notları ve Serpil'in kişisel yansımaları ile desteklenmiştir.
Müdahale, Serpil'in TSSB semptomlarında, özellikle kabuslar ve geri dönüşlerin sıklığı ve şiddetinde önemli iyileşmeler sağlamıştır. Serpil, genel psikolojik dayanıklılığını ve işlevselliğini artıran gelişmiş başa çıkma mekanizmaları bildirmiştir. Veriler, CAPS ve BDI puanlarından doğrulanarak, Serpil'in zihinsel sağlığı ve yaşam kalitesinde genel bir iyileşme göstermektedir. Bu vaka çalışması, doğal afetlerden sağ kalanlar için TSSB yönetiminde BDT'nin potansiyel bir müdahale olarak öne çıktığını vurgulamaktadır. Afet yanıt girişimlerine psikolojik etkileri etkili bir şekilde ele almak için özelleştirilmiş psikoterapötik tekniklerin entegrasyonunun zorunluluğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Benzer müdahalelerin daha geniş uygulanabilirliğini doğrulamak ve tedavi protokollerini optimize etmek için çeşitli afet sonrası ortamlarda bu tür müdahalelerin daha geniş çapta uygulanması ve değerlendirilmesi önerilmektedir. Daha büyük örneklem boyutları ve daha uzun takip süreleri içeren ileri araştırmalar, BDT'nin afet mağduru popülasyonlarda uzun vadeli etkinliğini geliştirmek ve genelleştirmek için tavsiye edilmektedir.

Keywords

TSSB BDT deprem afet psikolojisi travma terapisi vaka çalışması

References

  • Afet ve Acil Durum Yönetimi Başkanlığı (2023, February). 06 şubat 2023 Pazarcik-elbistan Kahramanmaraş (mw: 7.7 – mw: 7.6) depremleri raporu. AFAD. https://deprem.afad.gov.tr/earthquake-reports
  • Assigana, E., Chang, E., Cho, S., Kotecha, V., Liu, B., Turner, H., ... & Stevens, S. M. (2014, October). TF-CBT triangle of life: a game to help with cognitive behavioral therapy. In Proceedings of the first ACM SIGCHI annual symposium on Computer-human interaction in play (pp. 9-16). https://doi.org/10.1145/2658537.2658684
  • Back, S. E., Killeen, T. K., Cotton, B. D., & Carroll, K. M. (2014). Concurrent treatment of PTSD and substance use disorders using prolonged exposure (COPE): Therapist guide. Treatments That Work. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0000000000000286
  • Bartanian, G. J. (2019). Mindful Grounding and Trauma. University of the West.
  • Basoglu, M., & Salcioglu, E. (2011). A mental healthcare model for mass trauma survivors: Control-focused behavioral treatment of earthquake, war and torture trauma.
  • Başoğlu, M., Livanou, M., Şalcioğlu, E., & Kalender, D. (2003). A brief behavioural treatment of chronic post-traumatic stress disorder in earthquake survivors: results from an open clinical trial. Psychological Medicine, 33(4), 647-654. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291703007360
  • Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1987). Beck depression inventory. New York:: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
  • Beck, J. S. (2020). Cognitive behavior therapy: Basics and beyond. Guilford Publications.
  • Blake, D. D., Weathers, F. W., Nagy, L. M., Kaloupek, D. G., Gusman, F. D., Charney, D. S., & Keane, T. M. (1995). The development of a clinician-administered PTSD scale. Journal of traumatic stress, 8, 75-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02105408
  • Boysan, M., Guzel Ozdemir, P., Yilmaz, E., Selvi, Y., Özdemir, O., & Celal Kefeli, M. (2017). Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Clinician-Administered PTSD scale for diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (Turkish CAPS-5). Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 27(2), 173-184. https://doi.org/10.1080/24750573.2017.1326746
  • Bulut, S. (2021). Human dimension of the 1999 Marmara earthquakes in Turkey: Traumatic menthal health effects and consequences. International Journal of Psychology and Counselling.
  • Dahal, H. R., Kumar, D. S., & Thapa, D. (2018). Prevalence and risk factors of post-traumatic stress disorders among the survivors of 2015 Nepal earthquake, in Dhading, Nepal.
  • Dai, W., Chen, L., Lai, Z., Li, Y., Wang, J., & Liu, A. (2016). The incidence of post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors after earthquakes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC psychiatry, 16(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-016-0891-9
  • Draguns, J. G. (2013). Cross-cultural and international extensions of evidence-based psychotherapy: toward more effective and sensitive psychological services everywhere. Psychologia, 56(2), 74-88. https://doi.org/10.2117/psysoc.2013.74
  • Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2008). Post-traumatic stress disorder: The development of effective psychological treatments. Nordic journal of psychiatry, 62(sup47), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1080/08039480802315608
  • Farooqui, M., Quadri, S. A., Suriya, S. S., Khan, M. A., Ovais, M., Sohail, Z., ... & Hassan, M. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder: a serious post-earthquake complication. Trends in psychiatry and psychotherapy, 39, 135-143. https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2016-0029
  • Fenn, K., & Byrne, M. (2013). The key principles of cognitive behavioural therapy. InnovAiT, 6(9), 579-585. https://doi.org/10.1177/1755738012471029
  • Foa, E. B., Rothbaum, B. O., & Furr, J. M. (2003a). Augmenting exposure therapy with other CBT procedures. Psychiatric Annals, 33(1), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-20030101-08
  • Foa, E. B., Rothbaum, B. O., & Furr, J. M. (2003b). Augmenting exposure therapy with other CBT procedures. Psychiatric Annals, 33(1), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.3928/0048-5713-20030101-08
  • Foreman, E. I., & Hough, A. (1995). Post-traumatic stress disorder. Physiotherapy in Mental Health, 341-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7506-1700-0.50032-6
  • Kapci, E. G., Uslu, R., Turkcapar, H., & Karaoglan, A. (2008). Beck Depression Inventory II: evaluation of the psychometric properties and cut‐off points in a Turkish adult population. Depression and anxiety, 25(10), E104-E110. https://doi.org/10.1002/da.20371
  • Lahad, M., & Doron, M. (2010). Protocol for treatment of post traumatic stress disorder: See far cbt model: Beyond cognitive behavior therapy (Vol. 70). IOS press. anxiety, 25(10), E104-E110.
  • LiTz, B. T., & SALTErS-PEdnEAuLT, K. (2013). The art of evidence-based treatment of trauma survivors. In The art and science of psychotherapy (pp. 211-230). Routledge.
  • Longmore, R. J., & Worrell, M. (2007). Do we need to challenge thoughts in cognitive behavior therapy?. Clinical psychology review, 27(2), 173-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2006.08.001
  • Milne, D. L., & Reiser, R. P. (2017). A manual for evidence-based CBT supervision. John Wiley & Sons.
  • Monson, C. M., & Friedman, M. J. (2006). Back to the future of understanding trauma. Cognitive-behavioral therapies for trauma, 1.
  • Sijbrandij, M., Olff, M., Reitsma, J. B., Carlier, I. V., de Vries, M. H., & Gersons, B. P. (2007). Treatment of acute posttraumatic stress disorder with brief cognitive behavioral therapy: a randomized controlled trial. American journal of Psychiatry, 164(1), 82-90.
  • Stein, M. B., & Rothbaum, B. O. (2018). 175 years of progress in PTSD therapeutics: learning from the past. American journal of psychiatry, 175(6), 508-516. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2017.17080955
  • Tang, B., Deng, Q., Glik, D., Dong, J., & Zhang, L. (2017). A meta-analysis of risk factors for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults and children after earthquakes. International journal of environmental research and public health, 14(12), 1537. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14121537
  • Taucer, F., Alarcon, J. E., & So, E. (2009). 2007 August 15 magnitude 7.9 earthquake near the coast of Central Peru: analysis and field mission report. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 7, 1-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-008-9092-3
  • Valladares-Garrido, M. J., Zapata-Castro, L. E., Peralta, C. I., García-Vicente, A., Astudillo-Rueda, D., León-Figueroa, D. A., & Díaz-Vélez, C. (2022). Post-traumatic stress disorder after the 6.1 magnitude earthquake in Piura, Peru: a cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 19(17), 11035. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191711035
  • Van Rooij, A. J., Zinn, M. F., Schoenmakers, T. M., & Van de Mheen, D. (2012). Treating internet addiction with cognitive-behavioral therapy: A thematic analysis of the experiences of therapists. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 10, 69-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-010-9295-0
  • World Health Organization (2023, May). Türkiye earthquake, external situation report no.9:1. WHO Türkiye. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/370621/WHO-EURO-2023-7145-46911-70035-eng.pdf?sequence=1
  • Yurica, C. L., & DiTomasso, R. A. (2005). Cognitive distortions. Encyclopedia of cognitive behavior therapy, 117-122. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48581-8_36
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Learning Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Psychotherapy Practise and Research
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Metin Çınaroğlu 0000-0001-6342-3949

Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date April 28, 2024
Acceptance Date June 28, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Çınaroğlu, M. (2024). CBT Intervention Post-2023 Southeast Türkiye Quake: A Case Study. Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(1), 13-32. https://doi.org/10.38122/ased.1474770
AMA Çınaroğlu M. CBT Intervention Post-2023 Southeast Türkiye Quake: A Case Study. ASED. June 2024;8(1):13-32. doi:10.38122/ased.1474770
Chicago Çınaroğlu, Metin. “CBT Intervention Post-2023 Southeast Türkiye Quake: A Case Study”. Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 8, no. 1 (June 2024): 13-32. https://doi.org/10.38122/ased.1474770.
EndNote Çınaroğlu M (June 1, 2024) CBT Intervention Post-2023 Southeast Türkiye Quake: A Case Study. Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 8 1 13–32.
IEEE M. Çınaroğlu, “CBT Intervention Post-2023 Southeast Türkiye Quake: A Case Study”, ASED, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 13–32, 2024, doi: 10.38122/ased.1474770.
ISNAD Çınaroğlu, Metin. “CBT Intervention Post-2023 Southeast Türkiye Quake: A Case Study”. Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 8/1 (June 2024), 13-32. https://doi.org/10.38122/ased.1474770.
JAMA Çınaroğlu M. CBT Intervention Post-2023 Southeast Türkiye Quake: A Case Study. ASED. 2024;8:13–32.
MLA Çınaroğlu, Metin. “CBT Intervention Post-2023 Southeast Türkiye Quake: A Case Study”. Aksaray Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 1, 2024, pp. 13-32, doi:10.38122/ased.1474770.
Vancouver Çınaroğlu M. CBT Intervention Post-2023 Southeast Türkiye Quake: A Case Study. ASED. 2024;8(1):13-32.
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