Araştırma Makalesi
Covid-19 Kısıtlamaları Sırasında Duyguların Müzikal Parametrelerle İfade Edilmesi: Filipinler Spotify Verileri Üzerine Bir Duygu Analizi
Öz
Spotify, dinleyicilerin dinleme kalıplarına göre çok çeşitli çalma listeleri sunan dünyanın en büyük çevrimiçi müzik paylaşım platformudur. Bu makale, Filipinler verisi üzerine yapılan incelere göre, müzik tercihinin duygusal durumla yüksek oranda ilişkili olduğunu ve müziğin pandemi sırasında bir duygu düzenleyici araç olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Popüler makine öğrenimi yöntemleri (sınıflandırma ve regresyon ağaçları, güçlendirilmiş ağaçlar, rastgele ormanlar, Destek Vektör Makineleri ve Yapay Sinir Ağları), pandeminin şiddetiyle orantılı olarak farklı zaman periyotlarında insanların müzik tercihlerini sınıflandırmak için, 5 katlı çapraz doğrulama ile birlikte kullanılmıştır. Algoritmaların öğrenme süreçlerinde günlük resmi covid-19 istatistikleri ve Spotify verileri ana değişkenler olarak kullanılmaktadır. SVM, %98,01 doğruluk oranı elde ederek ortalama doğruluk oranında diğer alternatif modeller içinde en iyi performansı göstermiştir. Ek olarak, ANN, özellikle tek bir modelde elde edilen doğruluk açısından diğer alternatiflerden daha iyi performans göstererek %99,30 doğruluk oranına ulaşmıştır. Ayrıca (azalan sırada) en büyük (mutlak) değişime sahip değişkenler ST_Intrumentalness (%26,45), ST_Acousticness (%19,03), ST_Liveness (%16,11) ve ST_Valence (%14,1)'dir. Pandemi kaynaklı stres ve konserlerin iptali göz önüne alındığında, ST_Valence (müzikal pozitiflik) ve ST_Liveness değişkenlerinin böyle bir oranda değişeceği sezgisel bir beklenti olmuştur. Sonuçlar, müzik tercihinin duygusal durumun önemli bir göstergesi olduğunu doğrulamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Nicel Karar Yöntemleri Veri Analitiği Makine Öğrenimi Duygu Analizi Müzik
Kaynakça
- Aljanaki, Anna, Frans Wiering, and Remco C. Veltkamp. "Studying emotion induced by music through a crowdsourcing game." Information Processing & Management 52, no. 1 (2016): 115-128.
- Anderson, Ian, et al. "‘Just the Way You Are’: Linking Music Listening on Spotify and Personality." Social Psychological and Personality Science 12, no. 4 (May 2021): 561–72.
- Arslan, Gökmen, Murat Yıldırım, Ahmet Tanhan, Metin Buluş, and Kelly-Ann Allen. "Coronavirus Stress, Optimism-Pessimism, Psychological Inflexibility, and Psychological Health: Psychometric Properties of the Coronavirus Stress Measure." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020: 1557-1882.
- Arslan, Gökmen, Murat Yıldırım, and Masood Zangeneh. "Coronavirus Anxiety and Psychological Adjustment in College Students: Exploring the Role of College Belongingness and Social Media Addiction." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2021: 1557-1882.
- Bayraktar, Ahmet. "COVID 19 Pandemisinin Finansal Etkileri: BİST İmalat Sektörü Uygulaması." Journal of Turkish Studies 15, no. 8 (2020): 3415-3427.
- Bogt, Tom F.M. Ter, Juul Mulder, Quinten A.W. Raaijmakers, and Saoirse Nic Gabhainn. "Moved by music: A typology of music listeners." Psychology of Music 39, no. 2 (2011): 147-163.
- Boyle, Brandon H. Support Vector Machines:: Data Analysis, Machine Learning and Applications (Computer Science, Technology and Applications). Nova Science Publishers Inc, 2011.
- Bresin, Roberto, and Anders Friberg. "Emotion rendering in music: Range and characteristic values of seven musical variables." Cortex 47, no. 9 (2011): 1068-1081.
- Brown, Morton B., and Alan B. Forsythe. "Robust Tests for the Equality of Variances." Journal of the American Statistical Association (Taylor & Francis) 69, no. 346 (1974): 364-367.
- Cain, Gayle. Artificial Neural Networks: New Research (Computer Science, Technology and Applications). Nova Science Pub Inc, 2017.
- Castillo-Pérez, Sergio, Virginia Gómez-Pérez, Minerva Calvillo Velasco, Eduardo Pérez-Campos, and Miguel-Angel Mayoral. "Effects of music therapy on depression compared with psychotherapy." The Arts in Psychotherapy 37, no. 5 (2010): 387-390.
- Chaturvedi, Kunal, Dinesh Kumar Vishwakarma, and Nidhi Singh. "COVID-19 and its impact on education, social life and mental health of students: A survey." Children and Youth Services Review 121 (2021): 105866.
- Donthu, Naveen, and Anders Gustafsson. "Effects of COVID-19 on business and research." Journal of Business Research 117 (2020): 284-289.
- Eerola, Tuomas, Jonna K. Vuoskoski, Henna-Riikka Peltola, Vesa Putkinen, and Katharina Schäfer. "An integrative review of the enjoyment of sadness associated with music." Physics of Life Reviews 25 (2018): 100-121.
- Faus, S., A. Matas, and E. Elósegui. "Music and regaining calm when faced with academic stress." Cogent Arts & Humanities (Cogent OA) 6, no. 1 (2019): 1634334.
- Flanagan, Emily W., Robbie A. Beyl, S. Nicole Fearnbach, Abby D. Altazan, Corby K. Martin, and Leanne M. Redman. "The Impact of COVID-19 Stay-At-Home Orders on Health Behaviors in Adults." Obesity 29, no. 2 (2021): 438-445.
- Games, Paul A., and John F. Howell. "Pairwise Multiple Comparison Procedures with Unequal N's and/or Variances: A Monte Carlo Study." Journal of Educational Statistics (American Educational Research Association) 1, no. 2 (1976): 113-125.
- Giordano, Filippo, et al. "Receptive music therapy to reduce stress and improve wellbeing in Italian clinical staff involved in COVID-19 pandemic: A preliminary study." The Arts in Psychotherapy 70 (2020): 101688.
- Greyling, Talita, Stephanie Rossouw, and Tamanna Adhikari. "The good, the bad and the ugly of lockdowns during Covid-19." PLoS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021).
- Gurgen, Elif Tekin. "Social and Emotional Function of Music Listening: Reasons for Listening to Music." Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, no. 66 (2016): 229-242.
- He, Ruisi, and Zhiguo Ding. Applications of Machine Learning in Wireless Communications 81. vol/IET telecommunications series. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2019.
- Hizlisoy, Serhat, Serdar Yildirim, and Zekeriya Tufekci. "Music emotion recognition using convolutional long short term memory deep neural networks." Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 24, no. 3 (2021): 760-767.
- Javed, Bilal, Abdullah Sarwer, Erik B. Soto, and Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani. "The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic's impact on mental health." The international Journal of health planning and management 35, no. 5 (2020): 993– 996.
- Jena, Pradyot Ranjan, Ritanjali Majhi, Rajesh Kalli, Shunsuke Managi, and Babita Majhi. "Impact of COVID-19 on GDP of major economies: Application of the artificial neural network forecaster." Economic Analysis and Policy 69 (2021): 324-339.
- Juslin, Patrik N, Simon Liljeström, Daniel Västfjäll, Gonçalo Barradas, and Ana Silva. "An experience sampling study of emotional reactions to music: listener, music, and situation." Emotion (Washington, D.C.) 8, no. 5 (2008): 668–683.
- Karasmanaki, Evangelia, and Georgios Tsantopoulos. "Impacts of social distancing during COVID-19 pandemic on the daily life of forestry students." Children and Youth Services Review 120 (2021): 105781.
- Kasapoğlu, Figen. "Examining the Relationship between Fear of COVID-19 and Spiritual Well-Being." Spiritual Psychology and Counseling 5 (2020): 341-354.
- Koelsch, Stefan. "Investigating the Neural Encoding of Emotion with Music." Neuron 98, no. 6 (2018): 1075-1079.
- Koelsch, Stefan, and Lutz Jäncke. "Music and the heart." European Heart Journal 36, no. 44 (2015): 3043–3049.
- Laing, Timothy. "The economic impact of the Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-2019): Implications for the mining industry." The Extractive Industries and Society 7, no. 2 (2020): 580-582.
- Lee, Sangseok, and Dong Kyu Lee. "What is the proper way to apply the multiple comparison test?" Korean J Anesthesiol 71, no. 5 (2018): 353-360.
- Levene, Howard. "Robust tests for equality of variances." Contributions to Probability and Statistics: Essays in Honor of Harold Hotelling (Stanford University Press), 1960: 278–292.
- Lumley, Thomas, Paula Diehr, Scott Emerson, and Lu Chen. "The Importance of the Normality Assumption in Large Public Health Data Sets." Annual Review of Public Health 23 (2002): 151-169.
- Ma, Xin. Using Classification and Regression Trees: A Practical Primer. Information Age Publishing, 2018.
- Martín, Javier Centeno, Delfín Ortega-Sánchez, Ignacio Nieto Miguel, and Gracia María Gil Martín. "Music as a factor associated with emotional self-regulation: A study on its relationship to age during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain." Heliyon 7, no. 2 (2021).
- McDool, Emily, Philip Powell, Jennifer Roberts, and Karl Taylor. "The internet and children’s psychological wellbeing." Journal of Health Economics 69 (2020): 102274.
- Mehr, Samuel A., et al. "Universality and diversity in human song." Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 366, no. 6468 (2019).
- Nell, Cristianini, and John Shawe-Taylor. An Introduction to Support Vector Machines and Other Kernel-Based Learning Methods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
- Nicola, Maria, et al. "The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review." International Journal of Surgery 78 (2020): 185-193.
- Nisbet, Robert, John Elder, and Gary Miner. Handbook of Statistical Analysis and Data Mining Applications 1st Edition. Academic Press, 2009.
- Perry, Walter L., et al. "Predicting Suicide Attacks : Integrating Spatial, Temporal, and Social Features of Terrorist Attack Targets." RAND Corporation, 2013.
- Pothoulaki, M., et al. "An Investigation of the Effects of Music on Anxiety and Pain Perception in Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis Treatment." Journal of Health Psychology 13, no. 7 (2008): 912-920.
- Prey, Robert, Marc Esteve Del Valle, and Leslie Zwerwer. "Platform pop: disentangling Spotify’s intermediary role in the music industry." Information, Communication & Society (Routledge), 2020: 1-19.
- Radermecker, Anne-Sophie V. "Art and culture in the COVID-19 era: for a consumer-oriented approach." SN Business & Economics 1, no. 1 (2020): 4.
- Rahman, Jawaria, Abilash Muralidharan, Sohail J. Quazi, Hajra Saleem, and Safeera Khan. "Neurological and Psychological Effects of Coronavirus (COVID-19): An Overview of the Current Era Pandemic." Cureus 12, no. 6 (2020).
- Rajaguru, Harikumar, and Sunil Kumar Prabhakar. KNN Classifier and K-Means Clustering for Robust Classification of Epilepsy from EEG Signals. A Detailed Analysis. Anchor Academic Publishing, 2017.
- Rudy, A. C. A., P. D. Morse, S. V. Kokelj, W. E. Sladen, and S. L. Smith. "A New Protocol to Map Permafrost Geomorphic Features and Advance Thaw-Susceptibility Modelling." Cold Regions Engineering 2019. 2019. 661-669.
- Safavian, S.R., and D. Landgrebe. "A survey of decision tree classifier methodology." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1991: 660 - 674.
- Sakka, Laura S., and Patrik N. Juslin. "Emotion regulation with music in depressed and non-depressed individuals: Goals, strategies, and mechanisms." Music & Science 1 (2018).
- Sharif, Arshian, Chaker Aloui, and Larisa Yarovaya. "COVID-19 pandemic, oil prices, stock market, geopolitical risk and policy uncertainty nexus in the US economy: Fresh evidence from the wavelet-based approach." International Review of Financial Analysis 70 (2020): 101496.
- Simon, Judit, Timea M. Helter, Ross G. White, and Catharina van der Boor & Agata Łaszewska. "Impacts of the Covid-19 lockdown and relevant vulnerabilities on capability well-being, mental health and social support: an Austrian survey study." BMC Public Health 21 314 (2021).
- Sood, Sadhika. "Psychological Effects of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic." RHiME 7 (2020): 23-26.
- Tull, Matthew T., Keith A. Edmonds, Kayla M. Scamaldo, Julia R. Richmond, Jason P. Rose, and Kim L. Gratz. "Psychological Outcomes Associated with Stay-at-Home Orders and the Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Daily Life." Psychiatry Research 289 (2020): 113098.
- Vonderau, Patrick. "The Spotify Effect: Digital Distribution and Financial Growth." Television & New Media 20, no. 1 (2019): 3-19.
- Wang, Ying, et al. "Acute psychological effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak among healthcare workers in China: a cross-sectional study." Translational Psychiatry 10 348 (2020).
- Wilcox, Rand R. Applying Contemporary Statistical Techniques. Academic Press, 2003.
- Xie, Lin, Hong Luo, Mei Li, Wenjie Ge, Bingyu Xing, and Qunfang Miao. "The immediate psychological effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on medical and non-medical students in China." International Journal of Public Health 65, no. 8 (2020): 1445–1453.
- Zhang, Heping, and Burton Singer. Recursive Partitioning in the Health Sciences. 1431-8776. Springer-Verlag New York, 1999.
- Zohuri, Bahman, and Masoud Moghaddam. Neural Network Driven Artificial Intelligence : Decision Making Based on Fuzzy Logic. Nova Science Publishers Inc, 2017
The Expression of Emotions Through Musical Parameters During the Covid-19 Restrictions: A Sentiment Analysis on Philippines Spotify Data
Öz
Spotify is the world's largest online music streaming platform that offers a tremendous variety of playlists based on listeners' listening patterns. This paper proposes that music preference is highly associated with emotional state, and music is an emotion regulator tool during the pandemic in the Philippines. Well-known machine learning methods (i.e., classification and regression trees, boosted trees, random forests, Support Vector Machines, and Artificial Neural Networks) in combination with 5-fold cross-validation are used to classify periods in proportion to the severity of the pandemic and people's musical preferences. Daily official covid-19 statistics and Spotify data are used as main variables during the algorithms' learning processes. SVM outperformed the other alternatives in average accuracy rate by achieving a 98.01% accuracy rate. Additionally, ANN outperformed the other alternatives in terms of accuracy achieved specifically in a single model, achieving an accuracy rate of 99.30%. Moreover, the variables with the largest (absolute) change (in descending order) are ST_Intrumentalness (26,45%), ST_Acousticness (19,03%), ST_Liveness (16,11%), and ST_Valence (14,1%). Given pandemics-related stress and cancelation of concerts, it would be an intuitive expectation that the variables ST_Valence (musical positivity) and ST_Liveness would change at such a rate. The results confirm that musical preference is a significant indicator of emotional state.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Quantitative Decision Methods Data Analytics Machine Learning Sentiment Analysis Music
Kaynakça
- Aljanaki, Anna, Frans Wiering, and Remco C. Veltkamp. "Studying emotion induced by music through a crowdsourcing game." Information Processing & Management 52, no. 1 (2016): 115-128.
- Anderson, Ian, et al. "‘Just the Way You Are’: Linking Music Listening on Spotify and Personality." Social Psychological and Personality Science 12, no. 4 (May 2021): 561–72.
- Arslan, Gökmen, Murat Yıldırım, Ahmet Tanhan, Metin Buluş, and Kelly-Ann Allen. "Coronavirus Stress, Optimism-Pessimism, Psychological Inflexibility, and Psychological Health: Psychometric Properties of the Coronavirus Stress Measure." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2020: 1557-1882.
- Arslan, Gökmen, Murat Yıldırım, and Masood Zangeneh. "Coronavirus Anxiety and Psychological Adjustment in College Students: Exploring the Role of College Belongingness and Social Media Addiction." International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 2021: 1557-1882.
- Bayraktar, Ahmet. "COVID 19 Pandemisinin Finansal Etkileri: BİST İmalat Sektörü Uygulaması." Journal of Turkish Studies 15, no. 8 (2020): 3415-3427.
- Bogt, Tom F.M. Ter, Juul Mulder, Quinten A.W. Raaijmakers, and Saoirse Nic Gabhainn. "Moved by music: A typology of music listeners." Psychology of Music 39, no. 2 (2011): 147-163.
- Boyle, Brandon H. Support Vector Machines:: Data Analysis, Machine Learning and Applications (Computer Science, Technology and Applications). Nova Science Publishers Inc, 2011.
- Bresin, Roberto, and Anders Friberg. "Emotion rendering in music: Range and characteristic values of seven musical variables." Cortex 47, no. 9 (2011): 1068-1081.
- Brown, Morton B., and Alan B. Forsythe. "Robust Tests for the Equality of Variances." Journal of the American Statistical Association (Taylor & Francis) 69, no. 346 (1974): 364-367.
- Cain, Gayle. Artificial Neural Networks: New Research (Computer Science, Technology and Applications). Nova Science Pub Inc, 2017.
- Castillo-Pérez, Sergio, Virginia Gómez-Pérez, Minerva Calvillo Velasco, Eduardo Pérez-Campos, and Miguel-Angel Mayoral. "Effects of music therapy on depression compared with psychotherapy." The Arts in Psychotherapy 37, no. 5 (2010): 387-390.
- Chaturvedi, Kunal, Dinesh Kumar Vishwakarma, and Nidhi Singh. "COVID-19 and its impact on education, social life and mental health of students: A survey." Children and Youth Services Review 121 (2021): 105866.
- Donthu, Naveen, and Anders Gustafsson. "Effects of COVID-19 on business and research." Journal of Business Research 117 (2020): 284-289.
- Eerola, Tuomas, Jonna K. Vuoskoski, Henna-Riikka Peltola, Vesa Putkinen, and Katharina Schäfer. "An integrative review of the enjoyment of sadness associated with music." Physics of Life Reviews 25 (2018): 100-121.
- Faus, S., A. Matas, and E. Elósegui. "Music and regaining calm when faced with academic stress." Cogent Arts & Humanities (Cogent OA) 6, no. 1 (2019): 1634334.
- Flanagan, Emily W., Robbie A. Beyl, S. Nicole Fearnbach, Abby D. Altazan, Corby K. Martin, and Leanne M. Redman. "The Impact of COVID-19 Stay-At-Home Orders on Health Behaviors in Adults." Obesity 29, no. 2 (2021): 438-445.
- Games, Paul A., and John F. Howell. "Pairwise Multiple Comparison Procedures with Unequal N's and/or Variances: A Monte Carlo Study." Journal of Educational Statistics (American Educational Research Association) 1, no. 2 (1976): 113-125.
- Giordano, Filippo, et al. "Receptive music therapy to reduce stress and improve wellbeing in Italian clinical staff involved in COVID-19 pandemic: A preliminary study." The Arts in Psychotherapy 70 (2020): 101688.
- Greyling, Talita, Stephanie Rossouw, and Tamanna Adhikari. "The good, the bad and the ugly of lockdowns during Covid-19." PLoS ONE 16, no. 1 (2021).
- Gurgen, Elif Tekin. "Social and Emotional Function of Music Listening: Reasons for Listening to Music." Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, no. 66 (2016): 229-242.
- He, Ruisi, and Zhiguo Ding. Applications of Machine Learning in Wireless Communications 81. vol/IET telecommunications series. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2019.
- Hizlisoy, Serhat, Serdar Yildirim, and Zekeriya Tufekci. "Music emotion recognition using convolutional long short term memory deep neural networks." Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 24, no. 3 (2021): 760-767.
- Javed, Bilal, Abdullah Sarwer, Erik B. Soto, and Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani. "The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic's impact on mental health." The international Journal of health planning and management 35, no. 5 (2020): 993– 996.
- Jena, Pradyot Ranjan, Ritanjali Majhi, Rajesh Kalli, Shunsuke Managi, and Babita Majhi. "Impact of COVID-19 on GDP of major economies: Application of the artificial neural network forecaster." Economic Analysis and Policy 69 (2021): 324-339.
- Juslin, Patrik N, Simon Liljeström, Daniel Västfjäll, Gonçalo Barradas, and Ana Silva. "An experience sampling study of emotional reactions to music: listener, music, and situation." Emotion (Washington, D.C.) 8, no. 5 (2008): 668–683.
- Karasmanaki, Evangelia, and Georgios Tsantopoulos. "Impacts of social distancing during COVID-19 pandemic on the daily life of forestry students." Children and Youth Services Review 120 (2021): 105781.
- Kasapoğlu, Figen. "Examining the Relationship between Fear of COVID-19 and Spiritual Well-Being." Spiritual Psychology and Counseling 5 (2020): 341-354.
- Koelsch, Stefan. "Investigating the Neural Encoding of Emotion with Music." Neuron 98, no. 6 (2018): 1075-1079.
- Koelsch, Stefan, and Lutz Jäncke. "Music and the heart." European Heart Journal 36, no. 44 (2015): 3043–3049.
- Laing, Timothy. "The economic impact of the Coronavirus 2019 (Covid-2019): Implications for the mining industry." The Extractive Industries and Society 7, no. 2 (2020): 580-582.
- Lee, Sangseok, and Dong Kyu Lee. "What is the proper way to apply the multiple comparison test?" Korean J Anesthesiol 71, no. 5 (2018): 353-360.
- Levene, Howard. "Robust tests for equality of variances." Contributions to Probability and Statistics: Essays in Honor of Harold Hotelling (Stanford University Press), 1960: 278–292.
- Lumley, Thomas, Paula Diehr, Scott Emerson, and Lu Chen. "The Importance of the Normality Assumption in Large Public Health Data Sets." Annual Review of Public Health 23 (2002): 151-169.
- Ma, Xin. Using Classification and Regression Trees: A Practical Primer. Information Age Publishing, 2018.
- Martín, Javier Centeno, Delfín Ortega-Sánchez, Ignacio Nieto Miguel, and Gracia María Gil Martín. "Music as a factor associated with emotional self-regulation: A study on its relationship to age during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain." Heliyon 7, no. 2 (2021).
- McDool, Emily, Philip Powell, Jennifer Roberts, and Karl Taylor. "The internet and children’s psychological wellbeing." Journal of Health Economics 69 (2020): 102274.
- Mehr, Samuel A., et al. "Universality and diversity in human song." Science (American Association for the Advancement of Science) 366, no. 6468 (2019).
- Nell, Cristianini, and John Shawe-Taylor. An Introduction to Support Vector Machines and Other Kernel-Based Learning Methods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
- Nicola, Maria, et al. "The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review." International Journal of Surgery 78 (2020): 185-193.
- Nisbet, Robert, John Elder, and Gary Miner. Handbook of Statistical Analysis and Data Mining Applications 1st Edition. Academic Press, 2009.
- Perry, Walter L., et al. "Predicting Suicide Attacks : Integrating Spatial, Temporal, and Social Features of Terrorist Attack Targets." RAND Corporation, 2013.
- Pothoulaki, M., et al. "An Investigation of the Effects of Music on Anxiety and Pain Perception in Patients Undergoing Haemodialysis Treatment." Journal of Health Psychology 13, no. 7 (2008): 912-920.
- Prey, Robert, Marc Esteve Del Valle, and Leslie Zwerwer. "Platform pop: disentangling Spotify’s intermediary role in the music industry." Information, Communication & Society (Routledge), 2020: 1-19.
- Radermecker, Anne-Sophie V. "Art and culture in the COVID-19 era: for a consumer-oriented approach." SN Business & Economics 1, no. 1 (2020): 4.
- Rahman, Jawaria, Abilash Muralidharan, Sohail J. Quazi, Hajra Saleem, and Safeera Khan. "Neurological and Psychological Effects of Coronavirus (COVID-19): An Overview of the Current Era Pandemic." Cureus 12, no. 6 (2020).
- Rajaguru, Harikumar, and Sunil Kumar Prabhakar. KNN Classifier and K-Means Clustering for Robust Classification of Epilepsy from EEG Signals. A Detailed Analysis. Anchor Academic Publishing, 2017.
- Rudy, A. C. A., P. D. Morse, S. V. Kokelj, W. E. Sladen, and S. L. Smith. "A New Protocol to Map Permafrost Geomorphic Features and Advance Thaw-Susceptibility Modelling." Cold Regions Engineering 2019. 2019. 661-669.
- Safavian, S.R., and D. Landgrebe. "A survey of decision tree classifier methodology." IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 1991: 660 - 674.
- Sakka, Laura S., and Patrik N. Juslin. "Emotion regulation with music in depressed and non-depressed individuals: Goals, strategies, and mechanisms." Music & Science 1 (2018).
- Sharif, Arshian, Chaker Aloui, and Larisa Yarovaya. "COVID-19 pandemic, oil prices, stock market, geopolitical risk and policy uncertainty nexus in the US economy: Fresh evidence from the wavelet-based approach." International Review of Financial Analysis 70 (2020): 101496.
- Simon, Judit, Timea M. Helter, Ross G. White, and Catharina van der Boor & Agata Łaszewska. "Impacts of the Covid-19 lockdown and relevant vulnerabilities on capability well-being, mental health and social support: an Austrian survey study." BMC Public Health 21 314 (2021).
- Sood, Sadhika. "Psychological Effects of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic." RHiME 7 (2020): 23-26.
- Tull, Matthew T., Keith A. Edmonds, Kayla M. Scamaldo, Julia R. Richmond, Jason P. Rose, and Kim L. Gratz. "Psychological Outcomes Associated with Stay-at-Home Orders and the Perceived Impact of COVID-19 on Daily Life." Psychiatry Research 289 (2020): 113098.
- Vonderau, Patrick. "The Spotify Effect: Digital Distribution and Financial Growth." Television & New Media 20, no. 1 (2019): 3-19.
- Wang, Ying, et al. "Acute psychological effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreak among healthcare workers in China: a cross-sectional study." Translational Psychiatry 10 348 (2020).
- Wilcox, Rand R. Applying Contemporary Statistical Techniques. Academic Press, 2003.
- Xie, Lin, Hong Luo, Mei Li, Wenjie Ge, Bingyu Xing, and Qunfang Miao. "The immediate psychological effects of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on medical and non-medical students in China." International Journal of Public Health 65, no. 8 (2020): 1445–1453.
- Zhang, Heping, and Burton Singer. Recursive Partitioning in the Health Sciences. 1431-8776. Springer-Verlag New York, 1999.
- Zohuri, Bahman, and Masoud Moghaddam. Neural Network Driven Artificial Intelligence : Decision Making Based on Fuzzy Logic. Nova Science Publishers Inc, 2017
Toplam 59 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Kütüphane ve Bilgi Çalışmaları, Yapay Zeka, İstatistik |
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Aralık 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 Cilt: 6 Sayı: 2 |
