Araştırma Makalesi
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Risk-Taking and Prior-Knowledge as the Antecedents of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition: A Study on Nascent Entrepreneurs

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 1 - 20, 22.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.20979/ueyd.758028

Öz

Today, opportunity recognition considered as a constituent of entrepreneurship efforts. Accordingly, the questions of how entrepreneurial opportunities are recognized and how the personal differences play a role in opportunity recognition are of the essence. However, there is no consensus in the literature regarding the antecedents of entrepreneurial opportunities. Moreover, entrepreneurial opportunity recognition analyzed in a limited number of studies in the national literature. The aim of this study, therefore, is to examine the impact of nascent entrepreneurs' prior-knowledge and their tendency toward risk-taking on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition based on cognitive theory and Austrian economics theory. In the context of the study, examined whether entrepreneurial opportunity recognition level differs based on education level. Survey method used to gather data from nascent entrepreneurs, who participated in the entrepreneurship training programs. Results of the multiple linear regression method revealed that prior-knowledge and tendency toward risk-taking found to have a positive effect on entrepreneurial opportunity recognition. Additionally, entrepreneurial opportunity recognition was not found to differ based on education level. 

Kaynakça

  • Ardichvili, A., Cardozo, R. Ve Ray, S. (2003). A Theory Of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification and Development. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(1), 105-123.
  • Baron, R. A. (1998). Cognitive Mechanisms in Entrepreneurship: Why And When Enterpreneurs Think Differently Than Other People. Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), 275-294.
  • Baron, R. A. (2000). Psychological Perspectives on Entrepreneurship: Cognitive and Social Factors in Entrepreneurs' Success. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(1), 15-18.
  • Baron, R. A. (2004). Opportunity Recognition: A Cognitive Perspective. Academy of Management Proceedings. August, 1, 1-6.
  • Baron, R. A. (2006). Opportunity Recognition As Pattern Recognition: How Entrepreneurs ‘Connect The Dots’ To Identify New Business Oportunities. Academy of Management Perspective. 20 (1), 104–119.
  • Baron, R. A. (2007a). Behavioral And Cognitive Factors in Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurs as the Active Element in New Venture Creation. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1(1‐2), 167-182.
  • Baron, R.A. (2007b). Opportunity Recognition As Pattern Recognition: How Entrepreneurs Connect The Dots To Identify New Opportunities. Academy of Management Perspectives. February, 104–119.
  • Baron, R. A .ve Ensley, M. D. (2006). Opportunity Recognition As The Detection of Meaningful Patterns: Evidence From Comparisons of Novice And Experienced Entrepreneurs. Management Science, 52(9), 1331-1344.
  • Bilge, H. ve Bal, V. (2012). Girişimcilik Eğilimi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 16(2), 131-148.
  • Bollen, K. A. ve Paxton, P. (1998). Interactions of Latent Variables in Structural Equation Models. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 5(3), 267-293.
  • Bluedorn, A. C. (2002). The Human Organization of Time: Temporal Realities and Experience. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Busenitz, L. W. ve Barney, J. B. (1997). Differences Between Entrepreneurs And Managers in Large Organizations: Biases And Heuristics in Strategic Decision-Making. Journal of Business Venturing, 12(1), 9-30.
  • Bygrave, W. D. ve Hofer, C. W. (1992). Theorizing About Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(2), 13-22.
  • Carsrud, A. L. ve Johnson, R. W. (1989). Entrepreneurship: A Social Psychological Perspective. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 1(1), 21-31.
  • De Carolis, D. M. ve Saparito, P. (2006). Social Capital, Cognition, and Entrepreneurial Opportunities: A Theoretical Framework. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1), 41-56.
  • Durbin, J. ve Watson, G. S. (1951). Testing For Serial Correlation İn Least Squares Regression. II. Biometrika, 38 (1/2), 159-177.
  • Dutta, D. K. ve Crossan, M. M. (2005). The Nature Of Entrepreneurial Opportunities: Understanding The Process Using The 4i Organizational Learning Framework. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(4), 425-449.
  • Eisinga, R., Te Grotenhuis, M. ve Pelzer, B. (2013). The Reliability Of A Two-Item Scale: Pearson, Cronbach, Or Spearman-Brown?. International Journal of Public Health, 58(4), 637-642.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. ve Tatham, R. L. (2005). Multivariate Data Analysis. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall
  • Hajizadeh, A. ve Zali, M. (2016). Prior Knowledge, Cognitive Characteristics And Opportunity Recognition. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 22(1), 63-83.
  • Henrekson, M. (2007). Entrepreneurship and Institutions. Comparative Labour Law & Policy Journal, 28(4), 717–742.
  • Hills, G. E. ve Shrader, R. C. (1998). Successful Entrepreneurs’ Insights into Opportunity Recognition. Frontiers of entrepreneurship research, 18(2), 30-41.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2009). Spss Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Uygulamaları. Ankara: Asil Yayınevi
  • Kalfaoğlu, S. ve Öğe H. S. (2018). Fırsat Girişimcisinin Yeni Özelliği: Polikronisite. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 13(2), 166-182.
  • Kalkan, M. ve Kaygusuz, C. (2012). The Psychology Of Entrepreneurship. In Entrepreneurship-Born, Made And Educated”. www.intechopen.com. (Erişim:15.01.2019)
  • Karabey, C. N. ve Bingöl, D. (2010). Girişimciliğin Başlangıcı Olarak Fırsat Tanımlama. Istanbul Management Journal, 21(67), 9-31.
  • Karadal H., ( Ed.)(2014). Girişimcilik. Uygulamalı Girişimcilik Eğitimi Ve Güncel Konular. Girişimci Destekleri ve İş Planı. 4. Baskı. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1997). Entrepreneurial Discovery and the Competitive Market Process: An Austrian Approach. Journal of Eeconomic Literature, 35(1), 60-85.
  • Kline, R. (2013). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. (Ed.) Petscher, Y., Schatschneider, C. & Compton, D. Applied Quantitative Analysis in Education and The Social Sciences. 169-207, New York: Routledge.
  • Ko, S. ve Butler, J. E. (2006). Prior Knowledge, Bisociative Mode of Thinking and Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 3(1), 3-16.
  • Krueger Jr, N. ve Dickson, P. R. (1994). How Believing in Ourselves Increases Risk Taking: Perceived Self‐Efficacy and Opportunity Recognition. Decision Sciences, 25(3), 385-400.
  • Krueger, N.F. (2000). The Cognitive Infrastructure of Opportunity Emergence. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 24(3), 5–23.
  • Kuratko, D. F. (2016). Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, And Practice. Boston:Cengage Learning.
  • Leiner, D. J. (2013). Too Fast, Too Straight, Too Weird: Post Hoc Identification of Meaningless Data In Internet Surveys. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2361661, (Erişim:05.01.2019).
  • Lim, W. L. Ve Xavier, S. R. (2015). Opportunity Recognition Framework: Exploring The Technology Entrepreneurs. American Journal of Economics, 5(2), 105-111.
  • Littunen, H. (2000). Entrepreneurship And The Characteristics of The Entrepreneurial Personality. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 6(6), 295-310.
  • Lunnan, A., Nybakk, E. ve Vennesland, B. (2006). Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Probability For Start-Up: An Investigation of Norwegian Non-Industrial Private Forest Owners. FOREST policy and Economics, 8(7), 683-690.
  • Mertler, C. A. ve Vannatta, R. A. (2005). Advanced And Multivariate Statistical Methods: Practical Application And Interpretation, Glendale: Pyrczak Publishing.
  • Mitchell, R. K., Busenitz, L., Lant, T., McDougall,P.P., Morse, E.A. & Smith, J.B., (2002). “Toward A Theory Of Entrepreneurial Cognition: Rethinking The Side of Entrepreneurship”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(2),93-104.
  • Nunnally, J.C. ve Bernstein, I.H. (1994). Psychometric Theory. 3rd Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Ozgen, E. (2003). Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition: Information Flow, Social And Cognitive Perspective. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy University, New York.
  • Ozgen, E. ve Baron, R. A. (2007). Social Sources of Information in Opportunity Recognition: Effects Of Mentors, Industry Networks, And Professional Forums. Journal Of Business Venturing, 22(2), 174-192.
  • Özkul, G. ve Dulupçu, M. A. (2014). TR61 Bölgesinde Girişimsel Fırsat Tipleri ve Belirleyici Unsurları: Kirzneryen Fırsatlara Karşı Schumpeteryen Fırsatlar. Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(2), 131-151.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y.ve Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology. 88(5), 879-903.
  • Raubenheimer, J. (2004).An Item Selection Procedure To Maximize Scale Reliability And Validity. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology. 30(4), 59-64.
  • Renko, M., Shrader, R. C. ve Simon, M. (2012). Perception Of Entrepreneurial Opportunity: A General Framework. Management Decision, 50(7), 1233-1251.
  • Ronstadt, R. (1988). The Corridor Principle. Journal of Business Venturing, 3(1), 31-40.
  • Sarason, Y., Dean, T., ve Dillard, J.F. (2005). Entrepreneurship As The Nexus Of İndividual And Opportunity: A Structuration View. Journal of Business Venturing, 21, 286–305.
  • Sarasvathy, D. K. ve Simon, H. A.,Lave, L. (1998). Perceiving And Managing Business Risks: Differences Between Entrepreneurs And Bankers. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 33(2), 207-225.
  • Schumpeter, J., (1934). Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Shane, S.A. (2000). Prior Knowledge and The Discovery Of Entrepreneurial Opportunities. Organization Science, 11 (4), 448-69.
  • Shane, S. ve Venkataraman, S. (2000). The Promise Of Entrepreneurship As a Field of Research. Academy of Management Journal. 25(1), 217-226.
  • Shane, S. ve Nicolaou, N. (2015). Creative Personality, Opportunity Recognition and The Tendency To Start Businesses: A Study of Their Genetic Predispositions. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(3), 407-419.
  • Shepherd, D. A. ve DeTienne, D. R. (2005). Prior Knowledge, Potential Financial Reward, and Opportunity Identification. Entrepreneurship Theory And Practice, 29(1), 91-112.
  • Stevenson, H.H., Roberts, M.J. ve Grousbeck, H.I. (1985). New Business Ventures Aand The Entrepreneur. Irwin: Homewood.
  • Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve Davranışsal Ölçümlerde Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Tomak, S.(2011). Girişimcilik ve Bilişsel Yanlılık. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi. 6(1),71-95.
  • Ucbasaran, D., Westhead, P. ve Howorth, C. A. (2000). Habitual Entrepreneurs: Human Capital, Opportunity Search And Learning. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research. at: www.babson.edu/entrep/fer/I/IF/IF.htm, (Erişim:19.01.2019).
  • Venkataraman, S. (1997). The Distinctive Domain of Entrepreneurship Research. Advances In Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence And Growth, 3(1), 119-138.
  • Wang, Y. L., Ellinger, A. D. ve Jim Wu, Y. C. (2013). Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition: An Empirical Study Of R&D Personnel. Management Decision, 51(2), 248-266.
  • Yılmaz, E. ve Sünbül, A. M. (2009). Üniversite Öğrencilerine Yönelik Girişimcilik Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 195-203

Girişimcilik Fırsatlarını Tanımanın Öncülleri Olarak Risk Alma ve Ön Bilgi: Girişimci Adayları Üzerine Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2021, Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1, 1 - 20, 22.04.2021
https://doi.org/10.20979/ueyd.758028

Öz

Fırsat tanıma kavramı günümüzde, girişimcilik faaliyetleri için temel bir yapıtaşı olarak ele alınmaya başlanmıştır. Dolayısıyla girişimcilik fırsatlarının nasıl tanındığını ve bireysel farklılıkların bu fırsatların tanınmasında nasıl bir rol oynadığını anlamak önem kazanmaktadır. Ancak alanyazında girişimcilik fırsatlarını tanımanın öncüllerine ilişkin bir görüş birliği olmadığı, ulusal yazında ise girişimcilik fırsatlarını tanımanın sınırlı sayıda çalışmada ele alındığı görülmüştür. Bu noktalardan hareketle çalışmanın amacı, Bilişsel teoriden ve Avusturya iktisat teorisinden yola çıkarak, girişimci adaylarının ön bilgilerinin ve risk alma eğilimlerinin, girişimcilik fırsatlarını tanıma düzeyleri üzerindeki etkisini araştırmaktır. Çalışma kapsamında, girişimcilik fırsatlarını tanıma düzeyinin eğitim durumuna göre farklılık gösterip göstermediği de incelenmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan veriler, KOSGEB'in Adana ve Mersin illerindeki girişimcilik eğitimlerine katılan girişimci adaylarından anket yoluyla temin edilmiştir. Çoklu doğrusal regresyon yöntemi ile gerçekleştirilen analizler sonucunda, girişimcilerin ön bilgileri ve risk alma eğilimlerinin, girişimcilik fırsatlarını tanıma üzerinde pozitif yönde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca girişimcilik fırsatlarını tanıma düzeyinin eğitim durumuna göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği bulgulanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Ardichvili, A., Cardozo, R. Ve Ray, S. (2003). A Theory Of Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification and Development. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(1), 105-123.
  • Baron, R. A. (1998). Cognitive Mechanisms in Entrepreneurship: Why And When Enterpreneurs Think Differently Than Other People. Journal of Business Venturing, 13(4), 275-294.
  • Baron, R. A. (2000). Psychological Perspectives on Entrepreneurship: Cognitive and Social Factors in Entrepreneurs' Success. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 9(1), 15-18.
  • Baron, R. A. (2004). Opportunity Recognition: A Cognitive Perspective. Academy of Management Proceedings. August, 1, 1-6.
  • Baron, R. A. (2006). Opportunity Recognition As Pattern Recognition: How Entrepreneurs ‘Connect The Dots’ To Identify New Business Oportunities. Academy of Management Perspective. 20 (1), 104–119.
  • Baron, R. A. (2007a). Behavioral And Cognitive Factors in Entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurs as the Active Element in New Venture Creation. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 1(1‐2), 167-182.
  • Baron, R.A. (2007b). Opportunity Recognition As Pattern Recognition: How Entrepreneurs Connect The Dots To Identify New Opportunities. Academy of Management Perspectives. February, 104–119.
  • Baron, R. A .ve Ensley, M. D. (2006). Opportunity Recognition As The Detection of Meaningful Patterns: Evidence From Comparisons of Novice And Experienced Entrepreneurs. Management Science, 52(9), 1331-1344.
  • Bilge, H. ve Bal, V. (2012). Girişimcilik Eğilimi: Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Öğrencileri Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi. 16(2), 131-148.
  • Bollen, K. A. ve Paxton, P. (1998). Interactions of Latent Variables in Structural Equation Models. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 5(3), 267-293.
  • Bluedorn, A. C. (2002). The Human Organization of Time: Temporal Realities and Experience. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
  • Busenitz, L. W. ve Barney, J. B. (1997). Differences Between Entrepreneurs And Managers in Large Organizations: Biases And Heuristics in Strategic Decision-Making. Journal of Business Venturing, 12(1), 9-30.
  • Bygrave, W. D. ve Hofer, C. W. (1992). Theorizing About Entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 16(2), 13-22.
  • Carsrud, A. L. ve Johnson, R. W. (1989). Entrepreneurship: A Social Psychological Perspective. Entrepreneurship & Regional Development, 1(1), 21-31.
  • De Carolis, D. M. ve Saparito, P. (2006). Social Capital, Cognition, and Entrepreneurial Opportunities: A Theoretical Framework. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 30(1), 41-56.
  • Durbin, J. ve Watson, G. S. (1951). Testing For Serial Correlation İn Least Squares Regression. II. Biometrika, 38 (1/2), 159-177.
  • Dutta, D. K. ve Crossan, M. M. (2005). The Nature Of Entrepreneurial Opportunities: Understanding The Process Using The 4i Organizational Learning Framework. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(4), 425-449.
  • Eisinga, R., Te Grotenhuis, M. ve Pelzer, B. (2013). The Reliability Of A Two-Item Scale: Pearson, Cronbach, Or Spearman-Brown?. International Journal of Public Health, 58(4), 637-642.
  • Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E. ve Tatham, R. L. (2005). Multivariate Data Analysis. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall
  • Hajizadeh, A. ve Zali, M. (2016). Prior Knowledge, Cognitive Characteristics And Opportunity Recognition. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 22(1), 63-83.
  • Henrekson, M. (2007). Entrepreneurship and Institutions. Comparative Labour Law & Policy Journal, 28(4), 717–742.
  • Hills, G. E. ve Shrader, R. C. (1998). Successful Entrepreneurs’ Insights into Opportunity Recognition. Frontiers of entrepreneurship research, 18(2), 30-41.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2009). Spss Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Uygulamaları. Ankara: Asil Yayınevi
  • Kalfaoğlu, S. ve Öğe H. S. (2018). Fırsat Girişimcisinin Yeni Özelliği: Polikronisite. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 13(2), 166-182.
  • Kalkan, M. ve Kaygusuz, C. (2012). The Psychology Of Entrepreneurship. In Entrepreneurship-Born, Made And Educated”. www.intechopen.com. (Erişim:15.01.2019)
  • Karabey, C. N. ve Bingöl, D. (2010). Girişimciliğin Başlangıcı Olarak Fırsat Tanımlama. Istanbul Management Journal, 21(67), 9-31.
  • Karadal H., ( Ed.)(2014). Girişimcilik. Uygulamalı Girişimcilik Eğitimi Ve Güncel Konular. Girişimci Destekleri ve İş Planı. 4. Baskı. İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Kirzner, I. M. (1997). Entrepreneurial Discovery and the Competitive Market Process: An Austrian Approach. Journal of Eeconomic Literature, 35(1), 60-85.
  • Kline, R. (2013). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. (Ed.) Petscher, Y., Schatschneider, C. & Compton, D. Applied Quantitative Analysis in Education and The Social Sciences. 169-207, New York: Routledge.
  • Ko, S. ve Butler, J. E. (2006). Prior Knowledge, Bisociative Mode of Thinking and Entrepreneurial Opportunity Identification. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 3(1), 3-16.
  • Krueger Jr, N. ve Dickson, P. R. (1994). How Believing in Ourselves Increases Risk Taking: Perceived Self‐Efficacy and Opportunity Recognition. Decision Sciences, 25(3), 385-400.
  • Krueger, N.F. (2000). The Cognitive Infrastructure of Opportunity Emergence. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice. 24(3), 5–23.
  • Kuratko, D. F. (2016). Entrepreneurship: Theory, Process, And Practice. Boston:Cengage Learning.
  • Leiner, D. J. (2013). Too Fast, Too Straight, Too Weird: Post Hoc Identification of Meaningless Data In Internet Surveys. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2361661, (Erişim:05.01.2019).
  • Lim, W. L. Ve Xavier, S. R. (2015). Opportunity Recognition Framework: Exploring The Technology Entrepreneurs. American Journal of Economics, 5(2), 105-111.
  • Littunen, H. (2000). Entrepreneurship And The Characteristics of The Entrepreneurial Personality. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 6(6), 295-310.
  • Lunnan, A., Nybakk, E. ve Vennesland, B. (2006). Entrepreneurial Attitudes and Probability For Start-Up: An Investigation of Norwegian Non-Industrial Private Forest Owners. FOREST policy and Economics, 8(7), 683-690.
  • Mertler, C. A. ve Vannatta, R. A. (2005). Advanced And Multivariate Statistical Methods: Practical Application And Interpretation, Glendale: Pyrczak Publishing.
  • Mitchell, R. K., Busenitz, L., Lant, T., McDougall,P.P., Morse, E.A. & Smith, J.B., (2002). “Toward A Theory Of Entrepreneurial Cognition: Rethinking The Side of Entrepreneurship”. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 27(2),93-104.
  • Nunnally, J.C. ve Bernstein, I.H. (1994). Psychometric Theory. 3rd Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.
  • Ozgen, E. (2003). Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition: Information Flow, Social And Cognitive Perspective. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy University, New York.
  • Ozgen, E. ve Baron, R. A. (2007). Social Sources of Information in Opportunity Recognition: Effects Of Mentors, Industry Networks, And Professional Forums. Journal Of Business Venturing, 22(2), 174-192.
  • Özkul, G. ve Dulupçu, M. A. (2014). TR61 Bölgesinde Girişimsel Fırsat Tipleri ve Belirleyici Unsurları: Kirzneryen Fırsatlara Karşı Schumpeteryen Fırsatlar. Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 6(2), 131-151.
  • Podsakoff, P. M., Mackenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y.ve Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology. 88(5), 879-903.
  • Raubenheimer, J. (2004).An Item Selection Procedure To Maximize Scale Reliability And Validity. SA Journal of Industrial Psychology. 30(4), 59-64.
  • Renko, M., Shrader, R. C. ve Simon, M. (2012). Perception Of Entrepreneurial Opportunity: A General Framework. Management Decision, 50(7), 1233-1251.
  • Ronstadt, R. (1988). The Corridor Principle. Journal of Business Venturing, 3(1), 31-40.
  • Sarason, Y., Dean, T., ve Dillard, J.F. (2005). Entrepreneurship As The Nexus Of İndividual And Opportunity: A Structuration View. Journal of Business Venturing, 21, 286–305.
  • Sarasvathy, D. K. ve Simon, H. A.,Lave, L. (1998). Perceiving And Managing Business Risks: Differences Between Entrepreneurs And Bankers. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 33(2), 207-225.
  • Schumpeter, J., (1934). Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy. New York: Harper & Row.
  • Shane, S.A. (2000). Prior Knowledge and The Discovery Of Entrepreneurial Opportunities. Organization Science, 11 (4), 448-69.
  • Shane, S. ve Venkataraman, S. (2000). The Promise Of Entrepreneurship As a Field of Research. Academy of Management Journal. 25(1), 217-226.
  • Shane, S. ve Nicolaou, N. (2015). Creative Personality, Opportunity Recognition and The Tendency To Start Businesses: A Study of Their Genetic Predispositions. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(3), 407-419.
  • Shepherd, D. A. ve DeTienne, D. R. (2005). Prior Knowledge, Potential Financial Reward, and Opportunity Identification. Entrepreneurship Theory And Practice, 29(1), 91-112.
  • Stevenson, H.H., Roberts, M.J. ve Grousbeck, H.I. (1985). New Business Ventures Aand The Entrepreneur. Irwin: Homewood.
  • Şencan, H. (2005). Sosyal ve Davranışsal Ölçümlerde Güvenilirlik ve Geçerlilik. Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Tomak, S.(2011). Girişimcilik ve Bilişsel Yanlılık. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi. 6(1),71-95.
  • Ucbasaran, D., Westhead, P. ve Howorth, C. A. (2000). Habitual Entrepreneurs: Human Capital, Opportunity Search And Learning. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research. at: www.babson.edu/entrep/fer/I/IF/IF.htm, (Erişim:19.01.2019).
  • Venkataraman, S. (1997). The Distinctive Domain of Entrepreneurship Research. Advances In Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence And Growth, 3(1), 119-138.
  • Wang, Y. L., Ellinger, A. D. ve Jim Wu, Y. C. (2013). Entrepreneurial Opportunity Recognition: An Empirical Study Of R&D Personnel. Management Decision, 51(2), 248-266.
  • Yılmaz, E. ve Sünbül, A. M. (2009). Üniversite Öğrencilerine Yönelik Girişimcilik Ölçeğinin Geliştirilmesi. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 21(2), 195-203
Toplam 61 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular İşletme
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Gaye Onan 0000-0001-6302-5211

Utku Güğerçin 0000-0002-7667-6256

Yayımlanma Tarihi 22 Nisan 2021
Gönderilme Tarihi 25 Haziran 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2021 Cilt: 7 Sayı: 1

Kaynak Göster

APA Onan, G., & Güğerçin, U. (2021). Girişimcilik Fırsatlarını Tanımanın Öncülleri Olarak Risk Alma ve Ön Bilgi: Girişimci Adayları Üzerine Bir Araştırma. Uluslararası Ekonomi Ve Yenilik Dergisi, 7(1), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.20979/ueyd.758028

Uluslararası Ekonomi ve Yenilik Dergisi

Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, İİBF, İktisat Bölümü, 61080, Trabzon/Türkiye

https://dergipark.org.tr/ueyd

28816

 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.