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Ticari Açıklık, Ekonomik Büyüme, Enerji Kullanımı ve Karbon Emisyonları Arasındaki İlişki: Kavramsal Bir Model Önerisi ile Analiz

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 60, 181 - 195, 28.04.2024

Suzan Oğuz

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.02.09

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ticari açıklık, ekonomik büyüme, enerji tüketimi ve karbon emisyonları (CO2) arasındaki ilişkiyi bir model önerisi sunarak Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi (YEM) ile incelemektir. Bu kapsamda, değişkenler arasındaki doğrudan ve dolaylı etkileri incelemek üzere gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan 83 ülkenin 2000-2020 dönem verileri kullanılarak YEM ile yol analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmanın bulguları, ticari açıklığın ekonomik büyüme, enerji tüketimi ve CO2 üzerinde doğrudan pozitif ve anlamlı bir etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Dolaylı etkiler incelendiğinde ise ekonomik büyüme ve enerji tüketiminin ticari açıklık ile CO2 arasındaki ilişkide, enerji tüketimin ise ekonomik büyüme ile CO2 arasındaki ilişkide aracılık ettikleri tespit edilmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Enerji Tüketimi Ekonomik Kalkınma Ticari Açıklık Karbon Emisyonları Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi

Kaynakça

  • Adebayo, T.S. et al. (2023), “Interaction Among Geopolitical Risk, Trade Openness, Economic Growth, Carbon Emissions and Its Implication on Climate Change in India”, Energy & Environment, 34(5), 1305-1326.
  • Ajmi, A.N. et al. (2015), “On the Relationships Between CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Income: The Importance of Time Variation”, Energy Economics, 49, 629-638.
  • Akbar, A. et al. (2020), “Unraveling the Dynamic Nexus Between Trade Liberalization, Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions, and Health Expenditure in Southeast Asian Countries”, Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 5(13), 1915-1927.
  • Al-Mulali, U. et al. (2015), “The Influence of Economic Growth, Urbanization, Trade Openness, Financial Development, and Renewable Energy on Pollution in Europe”, Natural Hazards, 79, 621-644.
  • Alola, A.A. et al. (2019), “The Role of Renewable Energy, Immigration and Real Income in Environmental Sustainability Target. Evidence From Europe Largest States”, Science of The Total Environment, 674, 307-315.
  • Ansari, M. A. et al. (2019), “Does Trade Openness Affects Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Evidence from the Top CO2 Emitters”, Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 31(1), 32-53.
  • Bhattacharya, M. et al. (2016), “The Effect of Renewable Energy Consumption on Economic Growth: Evidence from Top 38 Countries”, Applied Energy, 162, 733-741.
  • Bozkurt, C. & İ. Okumuş (2015), “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyüme, Enerji Tüketimi, Ticari Serbestleşme ve Nüfus Yoğunluğunun CO2 Emisyonu Üzerindeki Etkileri: Yapısal Kırılmalı Eşbütünleşme Analizi”, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(32), 23-35.
  • Cetin, M. et al. (2018), “The Impact of Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, Trade Openness, and Financial Development on Carbon Emissions: Empirical Evidence from Turkey”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(36), 36589-36603.
  • Chappin, E.J.L. & G.P.J. Dijkema (2009), “On the Impact of CO2 Emission-Trading on Power Generation Emissions”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 76(3), 358-370.
  • Cole, M.A. (2006), “Does Trade Liberalization Increase National Energy Use?”, Economics Letters, 92(1), 108-112.
  • Gozgor, G. (2017), “Does Trade Matter for Carbon Emissions in OECD Countries? Evidence from a New Trade Openness Measure”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(36), 27813-27821.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2019), AMOS ile Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Halicioglu, F. (2009), “An Econometric Study of CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, Income and Foreign Trade in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 37(3), 1156-1164.
  • Hossain, M.S. (2011), “Panel Estimation for CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Trade Openness and Urbanization of Newly Industrialized Countries”, Energy Policy, 39(11), 6991-6999.
  • Ibrahim, M.H. & S.H. Law (2016), “Institutional Quality and CO2 Emission-Trade Relations: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa”, South African Journal of Economics, 84(2), 323-340.
  • Kasman, A. & Y.S. Duman (2015), “CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, Trade and Urbanization in New EU Member and Candidate Countries: A Panel Data Analysis”, Economic Modelling, 44, 97-103.
  • Kesgingöz, H. & H. Karamelikli (2015), “Dış Ticaret-Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyümenin CO2 Emisyonu Üzerine Etkisi”, Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(3), 7-17.
  • Khan, A.G. et al. (2021), “Do Financial Development, Trade Openness, Economic Development, and Energy Consumption Affect Carbon Emissions For an Emerging Country?”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 42150-42160.
  • Kyophilavong, P. et al. (2015), “The Energy-Growth Nexus in Thailand: Does Trade Openness Boost Up Energy Consumption?”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 46, 265-274.
  • Lei, P.W. & Q. Wu (2007), “Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling: Issues and Practical Considerations”, Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 26(3), 33-43.
  • Magazzino, C. et al. (2021), “A Machine Learning Approach on the Relationship Among Solar and Wind Energy Production, Coal Consumption, GDP, and CO2 Emissions”, Renewable Energy, 167, 99-115.
  • Mahmood, H. et al. (2019), “Trade openness and CO2 emissions: Evidence from Tunisia”, Sustainability, 11(12), 3295.
  • Meydan, C.H. & H. Şeşen (2015), Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi Amos Uygulamaları, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Mia, M.M. et al. (2019), “Covariance Based-Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) Using AMOS in Management Research”, Journal of Business and Management, 21(1), 56-61.
  • Mukaka, M.M. (2012), “A Guide to Appropriate Use of Correlation Coefficient in Medical Research”, Malawi Medical Journal, 24(3), 69-71.
  • Naranpanawa, A. (2011), “Does Trade Openness Promote Carbon Emissions? Empirical Evidence from Sri Lanka”, The Empirical Economics Letters, 10(10), 973-986.
  • Nasreen, S. & S. Anwar (2014), “Causal Relationship Between Trade Openness, Economic Growth and Energy Consumption: A Panel Data Analysis of Asian Countries”, Energy Policy, 69, 82-91.
  • Ntiamoah, E.B. et al. (2023), “How Do Carbon Emissions, Economic Growth, Population Growth, Trade Openness And Employment Influence Food Security? Recent Evidence from the East Africa”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(18), 1-17.
  • Omri, E. & H. Saadaoui (2023), “An Empirical Investigation of the Relationships Between Nuclear Energy, Economic Growth, Trade Openness, Fossil Fuels, and Carbon Emissions in France: Fresh Evidence Using Asymmetric Cointegration”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(5), 13224-13245.
  • Our World in Data (2023), < https://ourworldindata.org>, 10.02.2023.
  • Rahman, M.M. & K. Alam (2022), “CO2 Emissions in Asia-Pacific Region: Do Energy Use, Economic Growth, Financial Development and International Trade Have Detrimental Effects?”, Sustainability, 14(9), 5420.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2011), “Trade and Energy Consumption in the Middle East”, Energy Economics, 33(5), 739-749.
  • Scaini, S. et al. (2022), “A Cross-Validation of the Anger Cognitions Scale-Revised: Cognitions and Anger in an Italian Adolescent Sample”, Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 40(2), 278-294.
  • Sebri, M. & O. Ben-Salha (2014), “On the Causal Dynamics Between Economic Growth, Renewable Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Trade Openness: Fresh Evidence from BRICS Countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 39, 14-23.
  • Şengül, S. & İ. Tuncer (2006), “Türkiye’de Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme: 1960-2000”, İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 21(242), 69-80.
  • Shahbaz, M. et al. (2017), “Trade Openness-Carbon Emissions Nexus: The Importance of Turning Points of Trade Openness for Country Panels”, Energy Economics, 61, 221-232.
  • Singh, K. & I.S. Ahuja (2020), “Structural Equation Modelling of Transfusion Of TQM-TPM Model for Indian Manufacturing Industries”, International Journal of Management Practice, 13(1), 47-73.
  • Sun, H. et al. (2019), “Trade Openness and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Belt and Road Countries”, Sustainability, 11(9), 2682.
  • Talwar, P. et al. (2016), “The Goodness-of-fit of DASS-21 Models Among University Students”, Malays J Public Health Med, 16(3), 219-26.
  • Tanaka, Y. et al. (2017), “Uncovering the Influence of Social Skills and Psychosociological Factors on Pain Sensitivity Using Structural Equation Modeling”, Journal of Pain Research, (10), 2223-2231.
  • Topcu, M. & J.E. Payne (2018), “Further Evidence on the Trade-Energy Consumption Nexus in OECD Countries”, Energy Policy, 117, 160-165.
  • World Bank (2023), <https://data.worldbank.org/>, 10.02.2023.
  • Yang, X. et al. (2022), “The Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption, Trade Openness, CO2 Emissions, Income Inequality, on Economic Growth”, Energy Strategy Reviews, 44, 101003.
  • Zeeshan, M. et al. (2022), “Comparative Analysis of Trade Liberalization, CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Southeast Asian And Latin American Regions: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach”, Frontiers in Environmental Science, 79, 1-12.

The Link Between Trade Openness, Economic Growth, Energy Use and Carbon Emissions: Analysis with a Conceptual Model Proposal

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 32 Sayı: 60, 181 - 195, 28.04.2024

Suzan Oğuz

https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.02.09

Öz

This study examines the relationship between trade openness, economic growth, energy consumption and carbon emissions (CO2) with Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) by offering a model proposal. In this context, a path analysis was carried out with SEM using the 2000-2020 period data of 83 developed and developing countries to examine the direct and indirect effects between the variables. The study's findings show that trade openness directly and significantly affects economic growth, energy consumption and CO2. When the indirect effects are examined, it has been determined that economic growth and energy consumption mediate the relationship between trade openness and CO2, and energy consumption mediates the relationship between economic growth and CO2.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Energy Consumption Economic Development Trade Openness Carbon Emissions Structural Equation Modelling

Kaynakça

  • Adebayo, T.S. et al. (2023), “Interaction Among Geopolitical Risk, Trade Openness, Economic Growth, Carbon Emissions and Its Implication on Climate Change in India”, Energy & Environment, 34(5), 1305-1326.
  • Ajmi, A.N. et al. (2015), “On the Relationships Between CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Income: The Importance of Time Variation”, Energy Economics, 49, 629-638.
  • Akbar, A. et al. (2020), “Unraveling the Dynamic Nexus Between Trade Liberalization, Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions, and Health Expenditure in Southeast Asian Countries”, Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 5(13), 1915-1927.
  • Al-Mulali, U. et al. (2015), “The Influence of Economic Growth, Urbanization, Trade Openness, Financial Development, and Renewable Energy on Pollution in Europe”, Natural Hazards, 79, 621-644.
  • Alola, A.A. et al. (2019), “The Role of Renewable Energy, Immigration and Real Income in Environmental Sustainability Target. Evidence From Europe Largest States”, Science of The Total Environment, 674, 307-315.
  • Ansari, M. A. et al. (2019), “Does Trade Openness Affects Global Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Evidence from the Top CO2 Emitters”, Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal, 31(1), 32-53.
  • Bhattacharya, M. et al. (2016), “The Effect of Renewable Energy Consumption on Economic Growth: Evidence from Top 38 Countries”, Applied Energy, 162, 733-741.
  • Bozkurt, C. & İ. Okumuş (2015), “Türkiye’de Ekonomik Büyüme, Enerji Tüketimi, Ticari Serbestleşme ve Nüfus Yoğunluğunun CO2 Emisyonu Üzerindeki Etkileri: Yapısal Kırılmalı Eşbütünleşme Analizi”, Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(32), 23-35.
  • Cetin, M. et al. (2018), “The Impact of Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, Trade Openness, and Financial Development on Carbon Emissions: Empirical Evidence from Turkey”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 25(36), 36589-36603.
  • Chappin, E.J.L. & G.P.J. Dijkema (2009), “On the Impact of CO2 Emission-Trading on Power Generation Emissions”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 76(3), 358-370.
  • Cole, M.A. (2006), “Does Trade Liberalization Increase National Energy Use?”, Economics Letters, 92(1), 108-112.
  • Gozgor, G. (2017), “Does Trade Matter for Carbon Emissions in OECD Countries? Evidence from a New Trade Openness Measure”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(36), 27813-27821.
  • Gürbüz, S. (2019), AMOS ile Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Halicioglu, F. (2009), “An Econometric Study of CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, Income and Foreign Trade in Turkey”, Energy Policy, 37(3), 1156-1164.
  • Hossain, M.S. (2011), “Panel Estimation for CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption, Economic Growth, Trade Openness and Urbanization of Newly Industrialized Countries”, Energy Policy, 39(11), 6991-6999.
  • Ibrahim, M.H. & S.H. Law (2016), “Institutional Quality and CO2 Emission-Trade Relations: Evidence from Sub-Saharan Africa”, South African Journal of Economics, 84(2), 323-340.
  • Kasman, A. & Y.S. Duman (2015), “CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth, Energy Consumption, Trade and Urbanization in New EU Member and Candidate Countries: A Panel Data Analysis”, Economic Modelling, 44, 97-103.
  • Kesgingöz, H. & H. Karamelikli (2015), “Dış Ticaret-Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyümenin CO2 Emisyonu Üzerine Etkisi”, Kastamonu Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(3), 7-17.
  • Khan, A.G. et al. (2021), “Do Financial Development, Trade Openness, Economic Development, and Energy Consumption Affect Carbon Emissions For an Emerging Country?”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 28, 42150-42160.
  • Kyophilavong, P. et al. (2015), “The Energy-Growth Nexus in Thailand: Does Trade Openness Boost Up Energy Consumption?”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 46, 265-274.
  • Lei, P.W. & Q. Wu (2007), “Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling: Issues and Practical Considerations”, Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 26(3), 33-43.
  • Magazzino, C. et al. (2021), “A Machine Learning Approach on the Relationship Among Solar and Wind Energy Production, Coal Consumption, GDP, and CO2 Emissions”, Renewable Energy, 167, 99-115.
  • Mahmood, H. et al. (2019), “Trade openness and CO2 emissions: Evidence from Tunisia”, Sustainability, 11(12), 3295.
  • Meydan, C.H. & H. Şeşen (2015), Yapısal Eşitlik Modellemesi Amos Uygulamaları, Ankara: Detay Yayıncılık.
  • Mia, M.M. et al. (2019), “Covariance Based-Structural Equation Modeling (CB-SEM) Using AMOS in Management Research”, Journal of Business and Management, 21(1), 56-61.
  • Mukaka, M.M. (2012), “A Guide to Appropriate Use of Correlation Coefficient in Medical Research”, Malawi Medical Journal, 24(3), 69-71.
  • Naranpanawa, A. (2011), “Does Trade Openness Promote Carbon Emissions? Empirical Evidence from Sri Lanka”, The Empirical Economics Letters, 10(10), 973-986.
  • Nasreen, S. & S. Anwar (2014), “Causal Relationship Between Trade Openness, Economic Growth and Energy Consumption: A Panel Data Analysis of Asian Countries”, Energy Policy, 69, 82-91.
  • Ntiamoah, E.B. et al. (2023), “How Do Carbon Emissions, Economic Growth, Population Growth, Trade Openness And Employment Influence Food Security? Recent Evidence from the East Africa”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(18), 1-17.
  • Omri, E. & H. Saadaoui (2023), “An Empirical Investigation of the Relationships Between Nuclear Energy, Economic Growth, Trade Openness, Fossil Fuels, and Carbon Emissions in France: Fresh Evidence Using Asymmetric Cointegration”, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(5), 13224-13245.
  • Our World in Data (2023), < https://ourworldindata.org>, 10.02.2023.
  • Rahman, M.M. & K. Alam (2022), “CO2 Emissions in Asia-Pacific Region: Do Energy Use, Economic Growth, Financial Development and International Trade Have Detrimental Effects?”, Sustainability, 14(9), 5420.
  • Sadorsky, P. (2011), “Trade and Energy Consumption in the Middle East”, Energy Economics, 33(5), 739-749.
  • Scaini, S. et al. (2022), “A Cross-Validation of the Anger Cognitions Scale-Revised: Cognitions and Anger in an Italian Adolescent Sample”, Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 40(2), 278-294.
  • Sebri, M. & O. Ben-Salha (2014), “On the Causal Dynamics Between Economic Growth, Renewable Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions and Trade Openness: Fresh Evidence from BRICS Countries”, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 39, 14-23.
  • Şengül, S. & İ. Tuncer (2006), “Türkiye’de Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme: 1960-2000”, İktisat İşletme ve Finans, 21(242), 69-80.
  • Shahbaz, M. et al. (2017), “Trade Openness-Carbon Emissions Nexus: The Importance of Turning Points of Trade Openness for Country Panels”, Energy Economics, 61, 221-232.
  • Singh, K. & I.S. Ahuja (2020), “Structural Equation Modelling of Transfusion Of TQM-TPM Model for Indian Manufacturing Industries”, International Journal of Management Practice, 13(1), 47-73.
  • Sun, H. et al. (2019), “Trade Openness and Carbon Emissions: Evidence from Belt and Road Countries”, Sustainability, 11(9), 2682.
  • Talwar, P. et al. (2016), “The Goodness-of-fit of DASS-21 Models Among University Students”, Malays J Public Health Med, 16(3), 219-26.
  • Tanaka, Y. et al. (2017), “Uncovering the Influence of Social Skills and Psychosociological Factors on Pain Sensitivity Using Structural Equation Modeling”, Journal of Pain Research, (10), 2223-2231.
  • Topcu, M. & J.E. Payne (2018), “Further Evidence on the Trade-Energy Consumption Nexus in OECD Countries”, Energy Policy, 117, 160-165.
  • World Bank (2023), <https://data.worldbank.org/>, 10.02.2023.
  • Yang, X. et al. (2022), “The Impact of Renewable Energy Consumption, Trade Openness, CO2 Emissions, Income Inequality, on Economic Growth”, Energy Strategy Reviews, 44, 101003.
  • Zeeshan, M. et al. (2022), “Comparative Analysis of Trade Liberalization, CO2 Emissions, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Southeast Asian And Latin American Regions: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach”, Frontiers in Environmental Science, 79, 1-12.
Toplam 45 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Makro İktisat (Diğer)
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Suzan Oğuz 0000-0003-4876-3173

Erken Görünüm Tarihi 28 Nisan 2024
Yayımlanma Tarihi 28 Nisan 2024
Gönderilme Tarihi 20 Ağustos 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 32 Sayı: 60

Kaynak Göster

APA Oğuz, S. (2024). The Link Between Trade Openness, Economic Growth, Energy Use and Carbon Emissions: Analysis with a Conceptual Model Proposal. Sosyoekonomi, 32(60), 181-195. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.02.09
AMA Oğuz S. The Link Between Trade Openness, Economic Growth, Energy Use and Carbon Emissions: Analysis with a Conceptual Model Proposal. Sosyoekonomi. Nisan 2024;32(60):181-195. doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.02.09
Chicago Oğuz, Suzan. “The Link Between Trade Openness, Economic Growth, Energy Use and Carbon Emissions: Analysis With a Conceptual Model Proposal”. Sosyoekonomi 32, sy. 60 (Nisan 2024): 181-95. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.02.09.
EndNote Oğuz S (01 Nisan 2024) The Link Between Trade Openness, Economic Growth, Energy Use and Carbon Emissions: Analysis with a Conceptual Model Proposal. Sosyoekonomi 32 60 181–195.
IEEE S. Oğuz, “The Link Between Trade Openness, Economic Growth, Energy Use and Carbon Emissions: Analysis with a Conceptual Model Proposal”, Sosyoekonomi, c. 32, sy. 60, ss. 181–195, 2024, doi: 10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.02.09.
ISNAD Oğuz, Suzan. “The Link Between Trade Openness, Economic Growth, Energy Use and Carbon Emissions: Analysis With a Conceptual Model Proposal”. Sosyoekonomi 32/60 (Nisan 2024), 181-195. https://doi.org/10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.02.09.
JAMA Oğuz S. The Link Between Trade Openness, Economic Growth, Energy Use and Carbon Emissions: Analysis with a Conceptual Model Proposal. Sosyoekonomi. 2024;32:181–195.
MLA Oğuz, Suzan. “The Link Between Trade Openness, Economic Growth, Energy Use and Carbon Emissions: Analysis With a Conceptual Model Proposal”. Sosyoekonomi, c. 32, sy. 60, 2024, ss. 181-95, doi:10.17233/sosyoekonomi.2024.02.09.
Vancouver Oğuz S. The Link Between Trade Openness, Economic Growth, Energy Use and Carbon Emissions: Analysis with a Conceptual Model Proposal. Sosyoekonomi. 2024;32(60):181-95.
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