Araştırma Makalesi
BibTex RIS Kaynak Göster

Kurumsal Ortamın Bankaların Varlık Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi: Yüksek Orta Gelirli Ülkelerde Bir Araştırma

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 511 - 524

Hakan Yıldırım

Öz

Takipteki krediler, bankalarda varlık kalitesinin önemli bir göstergesidir. Bu çalışmada, 2010-2019 döneminde üst orta gelirli ülkelerde kurumsal ortamın takipteki krediler üzerindeki etkisi dinamik panel veri analizi yöntemiyle araştırılmaktadır. Yapılan analizler neticesinde elde edilen bulgulara göre, kurumsallık takipteki krediler üzerinde önemli düzeyde negatif bir etki oluşturmaktadır. Takipteki kredilerin gecikmeli değeri ise mevcut dönem takipteki krediler üzerinde pozitif yönde etkilidir. Ayrıca kontrol değişkenleri açısından ekonomik büyüme ve faiz dışı gelirler takipteki krediler üzerinde negatif etkili iken kredi/mevduat oranı ve enflasyonun etkisi pozitiftir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Varlık Kalitesi Takipteki Krediler Kredi Riski Kurumsal Ortam Üst-Orta Gelirli Ülkeler.

Kaynakça

  • Abdioglu, N. & Aytekin, S. (2016), “Takipteki Kredi Oranını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Mevduat Bankaları Üzerinde Bir Dinamik Panel Veri Uygulaması”, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 538-555.
  • Ahmad, F. (2013), “Corruption and Information Sharing as Determinants of Non-Performing Loans, Business Systems Research, 4(1), 87-98. https://doi.org/10.2478/bsrj-2013-0008.
  • Ahmed, S., Majeed, M. E., Thalassinos, E. & Thalassinos, Y. (2021), “The Impact of Bank Specific and Macro-Economic Factors on Non-Performing Loans in the Banking Sector: Evidence from an Emerging Economy”, Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14(5), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14050217.
  • Al Masud, A. & Hossain, M. A. (2020), “Determinants of non Performing Loan (NPL): A Case of an Emerging Economy”, Southeast Business Review, 1(2), 46-60.
  • Alnabulsi, K., Kozarević, E., & Hakimi, A. (2022), “Assessing the Determinants of Non-Performing Loans under Financial Crisis and Health Crisis: Evidence from the MENA Banks”, Cogent Economics & Finance, 10(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2124665
  • Arellano, M. & Bover, O. (1995), “Another look at the Instrumental-Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models, Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 29-52.
  • Bayar, Y. (2019), “Macroeconomic, Institutional and Bank-Specific Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Emerging Market Economies: A Dynamic Panel Regression Analysis”, Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 8(3), 95-11. https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2019-0026.
  • Berger, A. & DeYoung, R. (1997), “Problem Loans and Cost Efficiency in Commercial Bank”, Journal of Banking and Finance, 21(6), 849–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(97)00003-4.
  • Blundell, R. & Bond, S. (1998), “Initial Conditions and Moments Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models, Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), 115-143.
  • Boudriga, A., Taktak, N. B. & Jellouli, S. (2010), “Bank Specific, Business and Institutional Environment Determinants of Nonperforming Loans: Evidence from MENA Countries”, Economic Research Forum, Working Paper 547.
  • Creane, S., Goyal, R. A., Mobarak, A. M. & Sab, R. (2004), “Evaluating Financial Sector Development in the Middle East and North Africa: New Methodology and Some New Results, Topics in MENA; Proceedings of the Middle East Economic Association, 6. http://www.luc.edu/orgs/meea/.
  • Ćurak, M., Pepur, S. &Poposki, K. (2013), “Determinants of Non-Performing Loans – Evidence from Southeastern European Banking Systems”, Banks and Bank Systems, 8(1), 45-53.
  • De Bock, R. & Demyanets, A. (2012), “Bank Asset Quality in Emerging Markets: Determinants and Spill-Overs”, IMF Working Paper, WP/12/71.
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A. &Detragiache, E. (1998), “The Determinants of Banking Crises in Developing and Developed Countries”, IMF Staff Papers, 45(1), 81–109.
  • Dimitrios, A., Helen, L. & Mike, T. (2016), “Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: Evidence from Euro-Area Countries”, Finance Research Letters,18, 116–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2016.04.008.
  • Erdas, M. L. &Ezenoglu, Z. (2022), “How do Bank-Specific Factors Impact Non-Performing Loans: Evidence from G20 Countries”, Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice,11(2), 97-122. https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2022-0015.
  • Ghosh, A. (2015), “Banking-Industry Specific and Regional Economic Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: Evidence from US States”, Journal of Financial Stability, 20, 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2015.08.004.
  • González-Hermosillo, B. (1999), “Determinants of Ex-Ante Banking System Distress: A Micro-Micro Empirical Exploration of Some Recent Episodes”, IMF Working Paper, WP/99/33.
  • Isik, O. & Bolat, S. (2016), “Determinants of Non-Performing Loans of Deposit Banks in Turkey”, Journal of Business Economics and Finance (JBEF), 5(4), 341-350. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.356.
  • Islamoglu, M. (2015), “The effect of Macroeconomic Variables on Non-Performing Loan Ratio of Publicly Traded Banks in Turkey”, Transactions on Business and Economics, 12, 10-20.
  • Jakubík, P. & Reininger, T. (2013), “Determinants of Nonperforming Loans in Central, Eastern and South Eastern Europe”. Focus on European Economic Integration, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), 3, 48-66.
  • Johnson, H. & Wilson, G. (2000), “Biting the Bullet: Civil Society, Social Learning and the Transformation of Local Governance”, World Development, 28(11), 1891–1906. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00069-3.
  • Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2010), “The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues”, Policy Research Working Paper; no. WPS 5430. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3913 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
  • Kjosevski, J. & Petkovski, P. (2017), “Non-Performing Loans in Baltic States: Determinants and Macroeconomic Effects”, Baltic Journal of Economics, 17(1), 25-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/1406099X.2016.1246234.
  • Klein, N. (2013), “Non-Performing Loans in CESEE: Determinants and Impact on Macroeconomic Performance”, IMF working papers 13/72, 1-27.
  • Louzis, D. P., Vouldis, A. T. & Metaxas, V. L. (2012), “Macroeconomic and Bankspecific Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Greece: A Comparative Study of Mortgage, Business and Consumer Loan Portfolios”, Journal of Banking & Finance, 36(4), 1012-1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2011.10.012.
  • Makri, V., Tsagkanos, A. & Bellas, A. (2014), “Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: The Case of Eurozone”, Panoeconomicus, 61(2), 193-206. https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN1402193M
  • Messai, A.S. & Jouini, F. (2013), “Micro and Macro Determinants of Non-Performing Loans”, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 3(4), 852-860.
  • Ozili, P. K. (2019) "Non-performing Loans and Financial Development: New Evidence", The Journal of Risk Finance, 20(1), 59-81. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRF-07-2017-0112
  • Qian, J. & Strahan, P. E. (2007), “How Laws & Institutions Shape Financial Contracts: The Case of Bank Loans”, Journal of Finance, 62(6), 2803–2834. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2007.01293.x.
  • Samad, A. (2012), “Credit Risk Determinants of Bank Failure: Evidence from US Bank Failure”, International Business Research,5(9), 10–15.
  • Škarica, B. (2014), “Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Central and Eastern European Countries”, Financial Theory Practice, 38(1) 37-59.
  • Swamy, V. (2012), “Impact of Macroeconomic and Endogenous Factors on non-Performing Bank Assets”, International Journal of Banking and Finance, 9(1), 27-47.
  • Tanasković, S., & Jandrić, M. (2015), “Macroeconomic and institutional determinants of non-performing loans”, Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 4(1), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.1515/jcbtp-2015-0004.
  • William R., K. & Charles S. M. (1987), “Why do Banks’ loan losses differ?”, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Economic Review, 72(5), 3-21.
  • World Bank (2023), “Global Financial Development (GFD)”, Retrived from https://databank.worldbank.org/source/global-financial-development/preview/on#. Accessed 10.05.2023.
  • World Bank (2023), “World Devolopment Indicators (WDI)”, Retrived from https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators. Accessed 10.05. 2023.
  • World Bank (2023), “Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI)”, Retrived from https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worldwide-governance-indicators. Accessed 10.05.2023.
  • Zeng, S. (2012), “Bank Non-Performing Loans (NPLS): A Dynamic Model and Analysis in China”, Modern Economy, 3(1), 100-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/me.2012.31014.

The Impact of Institutional Environment on the Asset Quality of Banks: A Study in Upper-Middle-Income Countries

Yıl 2024, Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2, 511 - 524

Hakan Yıldırım

Öz

The Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) are a significant indicator of asset quality in banks. In this study, the impact of the institutional environment on NPLs in upper-middle-income countries during the period of 2010-2019 is investigated using the dynamic panel data analysis method. According to the findings obtained from the analyses, institutional quality has a significantly negative effect on NPLs. The lagged value of NPLs, on the other hand, positively influences the current period's NPLs. Additionally, concerning control variables, economic growth and non-interest income negatively affect NPLs, while the credit/deposit ratio and the inflation rate have a positive impact on NPLs.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Asset Quality Non-performing Loans Credit Risk Institutional Environment Upper Middle-Income Countries.

Kaynakça

  • Abdioglu, N. & Aytekin, S. (2016), “Takipteki Kredi Oranını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Belirlenmesi: Mevduat Bankaları Üzerinde Bir Dinamik Panel Veri Uygulaması”, İşletme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 8(1), 538-555.
  • Ahmad, F. (2013), “Corruption and Information Sharing as Determinants of Non-Performing Loans, Business Systems Research, 4(1), 87-98. https://doi.org/10.2478/bsrj-2013-0008.
  • Ahmed, S., Majeed, M. E., Thalassinos, E. & Thalassinos, Y. (2021), “The Impact of Bank Specific and Macro-Economic Factors on Non-Performing Loans in the Banking Sector: Evidence from an Emerging Economy”, Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14(5), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14050217.
  • Al Masud, A. & Hossain, M. A. (2020), “Determinants of non Performing Loan (NPL): A Case of an Emerging Economy”, Southeast Business Review, 1(2), 46-60.
  • Alnabulsi, K., Kozarević, E., & Hakimi, A. (2022), “Assessing the Determinants of Non-Performing Loans under Financial Crisis and Health Crisis: Evidence from the MENA Banks”, Cogent Economics & Finance, 10(1), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2124665
  • Arellano, M. & Bover, O. (1995), “Another look at the Instrumental-Variable Estimation of Error-Components Models, Journal of Econometrics, 68(1), 29-52.
  • Bayar, Y. (2019), “Macroeconomic, Institutional and Bank-Specific Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Emerging Market Economies: A Dynamic Panel Regression Analysis”, Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 8(3), 95-11. https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2019-0026.
  • Berger, A. & DeYoung, R. (1997), “Problem Loans and Cost Efficiency in Commercial Bank”, Journal of Banking and Finance, 21(6), 849–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(97)00003-4.
  • Blundell, R. & Bond, S. (1998), “Initial Conditions and Moments Restrictions in Dynamic Panel Data Models, Journal of Econometrics, 87(1), 115-143.
  • Boudriga, A., Taktak, N. B. & Jellouli, S. (2010), “Bank Specific, Business and Institutional Environment Determinants of Nonperforming Loans: Evidence from MENA Countries”, Economic Research Forum, Working Paper 547.
  • Creane, S., Goyal, R. A., Mobarak, A. M. & Sab, R. (2004), “Evaluating Financial Sector Development in the Middle East and North Africa: New Methodology and Some New Results, Topics in MENA; Proceedings of the Middle East Economic Association, 6. http://www.luc.edu/orgs/meea/.
  • Ćurak, M., Pepur, S. &Poposki, K. (2013), “Determinants of Non-Performing Loans – Evidence from Southeastern European Banking Systems”, Banks and Bank Systems, 8(1), 45-53.
  • De Bock, R. & Demyanets, A. (2012), “Bank Asset Quality in Emerging Markets: Determinants and Spill-Overs”, IMF Working Paper, WP/12/71.
  • Demirgüç-Kunt, A. &Detragiache, E. (1998), “The Determinants of Banking Crises in Developing and Developed Countries”, IMF Staff Papers, 45(1), 81–109.
  • Dimitrios, A., Helen, L. & Mike, T. (2016), “Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: Evidence from Euro-Area Countries”, Finance Research Letters,18, 116–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2016.04.008.
  • Erdas, M. L. &Ezenoglu, Z. (2022), “How do Bank-Specific Factors Impact Non-Performing Loans: Evidence from G20 Countries”, Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice,11(2), 97-122. https://doi.org/10.2478/jcbtp-2022-0015.
  • Ghosh, A. (2015), “Banking-Industry Specific and Regional Economic Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: Evidence from US States”, Journal of Financial Stability, 20, 93–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2015.08.004.
  • González-Hermosillo, B. (1999), “Determinants of Ex-Ante Banking System Distress: A Micro-Micro Empirical Exploration of Some Recent Episodes”, IMF Working Paper, WP/99/33.
  • Isik, O. & Bolat, S. (2016), “Determinants of Non-Performing Loans of Deposit Banks in Turkey”, Journal of Business Economics and Finance (JBEF), 5(4), 341-350. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.356.
  • Islamoglu, M. (2015), “The effect of Macroeconomic Variables on Non-Performing Loan Ratio of Publicly Traded Banks in Turkey”, Transactions on Business and Economics, 12, 10-20.
  • Jakubík, P. & Reininger, T. (2013), “Determinants of Nonperforming Loans in Central, Eastern and South Eastern Europe”. Focus on European Economic Integration, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), 3, 48-66.
  • Johnson, H. & Wilson, G. (2000), “Biting the Bullet: Civil Society, Social Learning and the Transformation of Local Governance”, World Development, 28(11), 1891–1906. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00069-3.
  • Kaufmann, D., Kraay, A., & Mastruzzi, M. (2010), “The Worldwide Governance Indicators: Methodology and Analytical Issues”, Policy Research Working Paper; no. WPS 5430. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/3913 License: CC BY 3.0 IGO.
  • Kjosevski, J. & Petkovski, P. (2017), “Non-Performing Loans in Baltic States: Determinants and Macroeconomic Effects”, Baltic Journal of Economics, 17(1), 25-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/1406099X.2016.1246234.
  • Klein, N. (2013), “Non-Performing Loans in CESEE: Determinants and Impact on Macroeconomic Performance”, IMF working papers 13/72, 1-27.
  • Louzis, D. P., Vouldis, A. T. & Metaxas, V. L. (2012), “Macroeconomic and Bankspecific Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Greece: A Comparative Study of Mortgage, Business and Consumer Loan Portfolios”, Journal of Banking & Finance, 36(4), 1012-1017. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2011.10.012.
  • Makri, V., Tsagkanos, A. & Bellas, A. (2014), “Determinants of Non-Performing Loans: The Case of Eurozone”, Panoeconomicus, 61(2), 193-206. https://doi.org/10.2298/PAN1402193M
  • Messai, A.S. & Jouini, F. (2013), “Micro and Macro Determinants of Non-Performing Loans”, International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 3(4), 852-860.
  • Ozili, P. K. (2019) "Non-performing Loans and Financial Development: New Evidence", The Journal of Risk Finance, 20(1), 59-81. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRF-07-2017-0112
  • Qian, J. & Strahan, P. E. (2007), “How Laws & Institutions Shape Financial Contracts: The Case of Bank Loans”, Journal of Finance, 62(6), 2803–2834. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.2007.01293.x.
  • Samad, A. (2012), “Credit Risk Determinants of Bank Failure: Evidence from US Bank Failure”, International Business Research,5(9), 10–15.
  • Škarica, B. (2014), “Determinants of Non-Performing Loans in Central and Eastern European Countries”, Financial Theory Practice, 38(1) 37-59.
  • Swamy, V. (2012), “Impact of Macroeconomic and Endogenous Factors on non-Performing Bank Assets”, International Journal of Banking and Finance, 9(1), 27-47.
  • Tanasković, S., & Jandrić, M. (2015), “Macroeconomic and institutional determinants of non-performing loans”, Journal of Central Banking Theory and Practice, 4(1), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.1515/jcbtp-2015-0004.
  • William R., K. & Charles S. M. (1987), “Why do Banks’ loan losses differ?”, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City Economic Review, 72(5), 3-21.
  • World Bank (2023), “Global Financial Development (GFD)”, Retrived from https://databank.worldbank.org/source/global-financial-development/preview/on#. Accessed 10.05.2023.
  • World Bank (2023), “World Devolopment Indicators (WDI)”, Retrived from https://databank.worldbank.org/source/world-development-indicators. Accessed 10.05. 2023.
  • World Bank (2023), “Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI)”, Retrived from https://databank.worldbank.org/source/worldwide-governance-indicators. Accessed 10.05.2023.
  • Zeng, S. (2012), “Bank Non-Performing Loans (NPLS): A Dynamic Model and Analysis in China”, Modern Economy, 3(1), 100-110. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/me.2012.31014.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Finans
Bölüm Makaleler
Yazarlar

Hakan Yıldırım 0000-0002-3173-0247

Yayımlanma Tarihi
Gönderilme Tarihi 6 Aralık 2023
Kabul Tarihi 26 Ocak 2024
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2024 Cilt: 19 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Yıldırım, H. (t.y.). Kurumsal Ortamın Bankaların Varlık Kalitesi Üzerine Etkisi: Yüksek Orta Gelirli Ülkelerde Bir Araştırma. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 19(2), 511-524.
 Kapak Resmi İndir