INVESTIGATION OF THE FAMILY STRESSORS OF MOTHERS WHO HAS CHILD WITH SPECIAL NEEDS IN ADOLESCENCE AGE
Öz
Adolescence
is an important period of life that starts with biological changes, including
psychological and sociological changes. The stress experienced by the parents
of adolescents is often maden the subject of research. However, there is not
enough information about the family stressors of the parents of individuals
with special needs in adolescence. Studies focus on early childhood years,
where relatively special needs are more recently defined. Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the coping status
of mothers who have children with special needs in adolescence. Materials and Methods:
The population of the study is the mothers of children who live in Ankara and
have special needs during adolescence. The study group consisted of 116 mothers
of children who educated at six special education vocational training centers
located in central districts of Ankara. Results:
According to the results of current research on the effect of having
children with special needs on the family stressors, the age, and gender of the
child, the number of children and the type of disability, the stressors were not found. This
can be explained by the effectiveness of the coping mechanisms developed by the
mother. However,
it is seen that there is a relationship between the working status of mothers,
the presence of someone who can get help, middle age, education level and
income level of the household and family stressors. Conclusion: In this respect, it is seen that social support
mechanisms of mothers need to be strengthened.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Akmeşe, P. P., Mutlu, A., & Günel, M. K. (2007). Serebral paralizili çocukların annelerinin kaygı düzeyinin araştırılması. American Journal of Family Therapy, 236–240.
- Baxter, C., Cummins, R. A., & Yiolitis, L. (2000). Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability Parental stress attributed to family members with and without disability: A longitudinal study. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 25(2), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/13269780050033526
- Benson, P. (2018). The impact of child and family stressors on the self-rated health of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder: Associations with depressed mood over a 12-year period. Autism, 22(4), 489–501. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361317697656
- Carlson, J. M., & Miller, P. A. (2017). Family burden, child disability, and the adjustment of mothers caring for children with epilepsy: Role of social support and coping. Epilepsy and Behavior, 68, 168–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.01.013
- Dyson, L. L. (1997). Fathers and Mothers of School-Age Children With Developmental Disabilities: Parental Stress, Family Functioning, and Social Support. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 102(3), 267–279. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895
- Emerson, E. (2003). Mothers of children and adolescents with intellectual disability: social and economic situation, mental health status, and the self-assessed social and psychological impact of the child’s difficulties. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47(4–5), 385–399. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00498.x
- Erikson, E. (1980). Identity and Life Cycle. New York: W.W.Norton&Company.
- Estes, A., Olson, E., Sullivan, K., Greenson, J., Winter, J., Dawson, G., & Munson, J. (2013). Parenting-related stress and psychological distress in mothers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. Brain and Development, 35(2), 133–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2012.10.004
- Findler, L., Klein Jacoby, A., & Gabis, L. (2016). Subjective happiness among mothers of children with disabilities: The role of stress, attachment, guilt and social support. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 55, 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2016.03.006
- Hassall, R., Rose, J., & McDonald, J. (2005). Parenting stress in mothers of children with an intellectual disability: the effects of parental cognitions in relation to child characteristics and family support. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(6), 405–418. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00673.x
- Hastings, R. P. (2003). Child behaviour problems and partner mental health as correlates of stress in mothers and fathers of children with autism. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research : JIDR, 47(4–5), 231–7. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12787155
- Hastings, R. P., Allen, R., McDermott, K., & Still, D. (2002). Factors related to positive perceptions in mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 15(3), 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-3148.2002.00104.x
- Hintermair, M. (2000). Children Who Are Hearing Impaired with Additional Aspects of Parental Stress. Exceptional Children, 66(3), 327–332. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/001440290006600304
- Iacolino, C., Pellerone, M., Pace, U., Ramaci, T., & Castorina, V. (2016). Family Functioning and Disability: a Study on Italian Parents of Disabled Children. The Europen Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Special Is, 39–52. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.05.5
- Karasar, N. (2003). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- Krstıc, T., & Oros, M. (2012). Coping with Stress and Adaptation in Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy. Med Pregl, 9(10), 373377.https://doi.org/10.2298/MPNS1210373K Montes, G., & Halterman, J. S. (2007). Psychological functioning and coping among mothers of children with autism: a population-based study. Pediatrics, 119(5), e1040-6. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-2819
- Pelchat, D., Levert, M.-J., & Bourgeois-Guérin, V. (2009). How do mothers and fathers who have a child with a disability describe their adaptation/ transformation process? Journal of Child Health Care : For Professionals Working with Children in the Hospital and Community, 13(3), 239–259. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493509336684
- Razurel, C., Bruchon-Schweitzer, M., Dupanloup, A., Irion, O., & Epiney, M. (2011). Stressful events, social support and coping strategies of primiparous women during the postpartum period: A qualitative study. Midwifery, 27(2), 237–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2009.06.005
- Risdal, D., & Singer, G. H. S. (2004). Marital Adjustment in Parents of Children with Disabilities: A Historical Review and Meta-Analysis. Research & Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 29(2), 95–103. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2511/rpsd.29.2.95
- Rogers, M., & Hogan, D. (2003). Family Life With Children With Disabilities : The Key Role of Rehabilitation. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65(November), 818–833.
- Safe, A., Joosten, A., & Molineux, M. (2012). The experiences of mothers of children with autism: Managing multiple roles. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 37(4), 294–302. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2012.736614
- Schwichtenberg, A. J., & Poehlmann, J. (2007). Applied behaviour analysis: Does intervention intensity relate to family stressors and maternal well-being? Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51(8), 598–605. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00940.x
- Wallander, J. L., Pitt, L. C., & Mellins, C. A. (1990). Child functional independence and maternal psychosocial stress as risk factors threatening adaptation in mothers of physically or sensorially handicapped children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58(6), 818–824. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.58.6.818
Ergenlik Çağında Özel Gereksinimli Çocuğu Olan Annelerin Aile Stresörleri İle Başa Çıkma Durumlarının İncelenmesi
Öz
Ergenlik
dönemi biyolojik değişimler ile başlayan, psikolojik ve sosyolojik değişimleri
de içeren önemli bir yaşam dönemidir. Ergenlik çağındaki bireylerin anne ve
babalarının deneyimledikleri stres sıklıkla araştırma konusu edinilmiştir.
Ancak ergenlik çağında olan özel gereksinimli bireylerin ebeveynlerinin aile
stresörlerine ilişkin yaşantıları ile ilgili yeterince bilgi bulunmamaktadır.
Çalışmalar nispeten özel gereksinimliliğin daha yeni tanımlanmış olduğu erken
çocukluk yıllarına odaklanmaktadır. Amaç:
Bu çalışmanın amacı ergenlik çağında özel gereksinimli çocuğu olan
annelerin aile stresörleri ile başa çıkma durumlarının incelenmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırmanın evreni
Ankara ilinde ikamet eden ve ergenlik çağında özel gereksinimliliği bulunan çocukların
anneleridir. Çocuğu Ankara ili merkez ilçelerinde bulunan altı özel eğitim
mesleki eğitim merkezine devam eden 116 anne araştırmanın çalışma grubunu
oluşturmuştur. Sonuçlar: Özel
gereksinimli çocuğa sahip olmanın aile stresörleri üzerindeki etkisinin
araştırıldığı güncel araştırma sonuçlarına göre sahip olunan çocuğun yaşı ve
cinsiyeti, sahip olunan çocuk sayısı ve engelin türü ile stresörler arasında
ilişki saptanmamıştır. Bu durum özel gereksinimli çocuğun ergenlik çağına
ulaşıncaya dek annenin geliştirdiği stresle başa çıkma mekanizmalarının
etkililiği ile açıklanabilir. Ancak
ergenlik çağında özel gereksinimli çocuğu olan annelerin çalışma durumu, yardım
alabileceği birinin varlığı, orta yaşta olma, eğitim düzeyi ve hanenin gelir
düzeyinin etkisi devam ettiği görülmektedir. Bu bakımdan ergenlik çağında özel
gereksinimli çocuğu olan annelerin sosyal destek mekanizmalarının
güçlendirilmeye ihtiyacı olduğu görülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Akmeşe, P. P., Mutlu, A., & Günel, M. K. (2007). Serebral paralizili çocukların annelerinin kaygı düzeyinin araştırılması. American Journal of Family Therapy, 236–240.
- Baxter, C., Cummins, R. A., & Yiolitis, L. (2000). Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability Parental stress attributed to family members with and without disability: A longitudinal study. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 25(2), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.1080/13269780050033526
- Benson, P. (2018). The impact of child and family stressors on the self-rated health of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder: Associations with depressed mood over a 12-year period. Autism, 22(4), 489–501. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361317697656
- Carlson, J. M., & Miller, P. A. (2017). Family burden, child disability, and the adjustment of mothers caring for children with epilepsy: Role of social support and coping. Epilepsy and Behavior, 68, 168–173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.01.013
- Dyson, L. L. (1997). Fathers and Mothers of School-Age Children With Developmental Disabilities: Parental Stress, Family Functioning, and Social Support. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 102(3), 267–279. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895
- Emerson, E. (2003). Mothers of children and adolescents with intellectual disability: social and economic situation, mental health status, and the self-assessed social and psychological impact of the child’s difficulties. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47(4–5), 385–399. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00498.x
- Erikson, E. (1980). Identity and Life Cycle. New York: W.W.Norton&Company.
- Estes, A., Olson, E., Sullivan, K., Greenson, J., Winter, J., Dawson, G., & Munson, J. (2013). Parenting-related stress and psychological distress in mothers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. Brain and Development, 35(2), 133–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.braindev.2012.10.004
- Findler, L., Klein Jacoby, A., & Gabis, L. (2016). Subjective happiness among mothers of children with disabilities: The role of stress, attachment, guilt and social support. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 55, 44–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2016.03.006
- Hassall, R., Rose, J., & McDonald, J. (2005). Parenting stress in mothers of children with an intellectual disability: the effects of parental cognitions in relation to child characteristics and family support. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 49(6), 405–418. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2005.00673.x
- Hastings, R. P. (2003). Child behaviour problems and partner mental health as correlates of stress in mothers and fathers of children with autism. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research : JIDR, 47(4–5), 231–7. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12787155
- Hastings, R. P., Allen, R., McDermott, K., & Still, D. (2002). Factors related to positive perceptions in mothers of children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 15(3), 269–275. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-3148.2002.00104.x
- Hintermair, M. (2000). Children Who Are Hearing Impaired with Additional Aspects of Parental Stress. Exceptional Children, 66(3), 327–332. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/001440290006600304
- Iacolino, C., Pellerone, M., Pace, U., Ramaci, T., & Castorina, V. (2016). Family Functioning and Disability: a Study on Italian Parents of Disabled Children. The Europen Proceedings of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Special Is, 39–52. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.05.5
- Karasar, N. (2003). Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
- Krstıc, T., & Oros, M. (2012). Coping with Stress and Adaptation in Mothers of Children with Cerebral Palsy. Med Pregl, 9(10), 373377.https://doi.org/10.2298/MPNS1210373K Montes, G., & Halterman, J. S. (2007). Psychological functioning and coping among mothers of children with autism: a population-based study. Pediatrics, 119(5), e1040-6. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2006-2819
- Pelchat, D., Levert, M.-J., & Bourgeois-Guérin, V. (2009). How do mothers and fathers who have a child with a disability describe their adaptation/ transformation process? Journal of Child Health Care : For Professionals Working with Children in the Hospital and Community, 13(3), 239–259. https://doi.org/10.1177/1367493509336684
- Razurel, C., Bruchon-Schweitzer, M., Dupanloup, A., Irion, O., & Epiney, M. (2011). Stressful events, social support and coping strategies of primiparous women during the postpartum period: A qualitative study. Midwifery, 27(2), 237–242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2009.06.005
- Risdal, D., & Singer, G. H. S. (2004). Marital Adjustment in Parents of Children with Disabilities: A Historical Review and Meta-Analysis. Research & Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 29(2), 95–103. Retrieved from http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2511/rpsd.29.2.95
- Rogers, M., & Hogan, D. (2003). Family Life With Children With Disabilities : The Key Role of Rehabilitation. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65(November), 818–833.
- Safe, A., Joosten, A., & Molineux, M. (2012). The experiences of mothers of children with autism: Managing multiple roles. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 37(4), 294–302. https://doi.org/10.3109/13668250.2012.736614
- Schwichtenberg, A. J., & Poehlmann, J. (2007). Applied behaviour analysis: Does intervention intensity relate to family stressors and maternal well-being? Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51(8), 598–605. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00940.x
- Wallander, J. L., Pitt, L. C., & Mellins, C. A. (1990). Child functional independence and maternal psychosocial stress as risk factors threatening adaptation in mothers of physically or sensorially handicapped children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58(6), 818–824. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.58.6.818
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | Türkçe |
|---|---|
| Konular | Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 18 Aralık 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 Cilt: 8 Sayı: 1 |
Kaynak Göster
Cited By
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Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi
https://doi.org/10.37989/gumussagbil.1095683
Ergoterapi ve Rehabilitasyon Dergisi by Hacettepe University, Faculty of Health Sciences is licensed under Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International
