Bayterek Uluslararası Akademik Araştırmalar Dergisi

Öz

Throughout history, certain practices and rules have emerged that directly affect people's daily lives. These practices and rules have often originated from religious beliefs or folk beliefs and have manifested themselves through various rituals and cults. In the ancient Turkish belief system, "fire" became a cult through various beliefs and rituals. Fire was believed to have a dominant spirit, and it was generally referred to as the "cult of fire." Since fire was considered a living entity, it was approached as if it was a living being, and even some human qualities were attributed to this cult. However, in the Turkish world, the cult of fire was generally referred to as "od ana-mother fire" and depicted as feminine. Within the ancient Turkish belief system, the cult of fire occupied a divine and intermediary position, alongside its unique characteristics. Therefore, certain rules and taboos developed around fire. This study examines and evaluates the relationship between the "cult of fire" and shamans, its importance in Turkish culture, the rules and taboos that developed around it, and its connection to harmful spirits and healing methods. The aim of this study is to provide information about the sacredness of fire and its ritualistic use in Turkish culture. It explains how fire became a cult in the ancient Turkish belief system, how it was used through shamans, and the fire rituals that still exist today. The study emphasizes the social and religious significance of fire in Turkish culture. Shamans have great importance in Turkish culture. Shamans have mastery over fire and possess abilities such as healing the souls of the sick, communicating with the deceased, and fulfilling desires. Shamans inspire fear and respect among people and form the foundation of Turkish beliefs. Shamans regarded fire as a sacred entity and served as its protectors. The ancient Turks viewed fire as a protector and purifier against evils, and extinguishing fire was considered disrespectful. Shamans established a connection with the spirit world through fire by offering food and drinks to the souls. The sacred and ritualistic use of fire continues in Turkish culture to this day. The purifying quality of fire is still utilized in many areas. For example, fire rituals are performed at weddings, and it is believed that the fire should not be extinguished to ensure the continuation of the bride and groom's happiness, as they rely on the protective power of fire. During weddings, a bonfire is lit, and people dance around it, celebrating and having fun. Fire-related rituals also take place after the wedding. For instance, the groom is encouraged to jump over the fire before entering the bridal chamber, aiming to ward off evil spirits. These rituals demonstrate the belief that fire is a unifying and happiness-bringing force. Similarly, brides also have fire-related rituals. It is believed that when brides take their first step into their new homes, they should not look directly at the fire. Additionally, it is believed that the act of fumigating can cleanse the souls of the sick or deceased from evil spirits. The fumigation process is also applied to those believed to be affected by the evil eye. It was believed that fire possessed a protective power against the evil eye and malevolence. Fire holds great importance in Nevruz (Newroz) celebrations as well. In Turkey, during the Nevruz celebrations, fire is lit, and people jump over the fire. These celebrations are reflections of ancient Turkish beliefs and demonstrate the significance of Nevruz for the Turkish people. These examples indicate the sacredness of fire and its ritualistic use in Turkish culture. Fire has maintained its importance in Turkish society from the past to the present and has been utilized for various purposes. The significance of fire for Turks is not limited to sustenance, shelter, reproduction, production, and protection alone. Fire also appears as a cult in Turkish culture.In conclusion, it is evident that fire is considered a sacred entity and is ritually used in Turkish culture. Fire played a significant role in the ancient Turkish belief system, and the cult of fire has been preserved through traditions. Even today, fire rituals are performed at weddings and other celebrations, keeping the belief in the protective power of fire alive. Therefore, fire holds an important role in Turkish culture from both religious and social perspective.