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The Technopark Model in Local Development: Emilia-Romagna (Italy) and Shannon (Ireland) Regions Samples

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 4, 1112 - 1129, 30.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.417945

Öz

Technopark
is an institution aiming at the commercialization of the information produced
under the leadership of a university or research institution. Technoparks
provide financial and technical support to entrepreneurs. It is also named as
the innovation center, the science park. The world’s first technopark is the
Stanford Research Park (Silicon Valley), founded in 1952 in the United States
under Stanford University. Establishment of technoparks to encourage innovation
in local development is called “Technopark Model” in the literature. The aim of
the study is to analyze the technopark model in local development in Emilia-Romagna
(E-R) of Italy and the Shannon region of Ireland. In this context, technoparks
established to accelerate the economic development of the development agency
ERVET of Emilia-Romagna region and the development agency SD of the Shannon
region have been revealed through establishment and development processes. The
subject was examined by qualitative research methods using document analysis
technique. The analysis yielded the following results: a)Technoparks
contributed to local development through aspects such as production,
employment, R&D, innovation. b)Sectoral Innovation System and Regional
Innovation System have been established by connecting technoparks via network.

Kaynakça

  • Amin, A. (1999). The Emilian Model: Institutional Challenges, European Planning Studies, 4(7): 389-405.
  • Andreosso-O’Callaghana, B. (2000). Territory, Research and Technology Linkages - Is the Shannon Region a Propitious Local System of Innovation?, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development: An International Journal, 12(1): 69-87.
  • Asheim, B. T. and Isaksen, A. (1996). Location, Agglomeration and Innovation: Towards Regional Innovation Systems in Norway?, 52 p.
  • ASTER. Hi-Mech District, 24 p.
  • ASTER (2011). Emilia-Romagna High Technology, Network: Technopoles, 44 p.
  • ASTER (2012). The Emilia-Romagna Region-Local Analysis Report, 24 p.
  • Bandini, V. (2006). An Italian Experience for Innovation Promotion, 4th Workshop Project Network for Production integration between Latina American and The Caribbean SMEs, Costa Rica, 21 p.
  • Bandini, V. (2008). ASTER Science Techonology Business: The Agency for Industrial Research, Technology Transfer and Innovation of Emilia-Romagna Region, 20 p.
  • Bardi, A. (2007). Emilia-Romagna After Industrial Districts: Regional Policy Implications, Learning Together for Local Innovation: Promoting Learning Regions, B. Gustavsen, B. Nyhan, R. Ennals (ed.), Luxembourg, 165-174.
  • Bardi, A. and Bertini, S. (2004). Regional Development and Industrial Clusters in Global Competition, 4. LDWL Congress Transnational Cooperation on Social Regulation, 23 p.
  • Bellini, N. (2000). Real Services’: A Re-appraisal, European Planning Studies, 8(6): 711-728.
  • Bianchi, P. and Labory, S. (2011). Industrial Policy After The Crisis: The Case of The Emilia-Romagna Region in Italy, Policy Studies, 32(4): 429-445.
  • Bologni, L. (2008). The Regional Innovation Strategy and R&D Policies in Emilia-Romagna, 53 p.
  • Bologni, L. (2013). Emilia-Romagna Region Smart Specialization Strategy, 46 p.
  • Bonaretti, P., Open to Innovation, 3rd PRACE Industrial Seminar, 24 p.
  • Boucher, G. W. (2000). Unireg Regional Case Study Report The Shannon Region, 74 p.
  • Boucher, G., Conway, C. and Meer, E. V. D. (2003). Tiers of Engagement by Universities in Their Region’s Development, Regional Studies, 37(9): 887-897.
  • Brusco, S. (1982). The Emilian Model: Productive Decentralisation and Social Integration, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 6(2): 167-184.
  • Buckley, M. (2011). A Sustainable Regional Economic Growth Strategies for Irland’s Mid-West: Targets and Policies, Master Thesis in University of Limerick, 245 p.
  • Camagni, R. and Capello, R. (2012). Regional Innovation Patterns and the EU Regional Policy Reform: Towards Smart Innovation Policies, 52. ERSA Conference in Bratislava, 25 p.
  • Canzanelli, G. and Dichter, G. (2001). Local Economic Development, Human Development, and Decent Work, 65 p.
  • Capecchi, V. (1992). A History of Flexible Specialisation and Industrial Districts in Emilia-Romagna, in Industrial Districts and Inter-firm Co-operation in Italy, Ed.: F. Pyke, 0. Becattini and W. Sengenberger, 20-36.
  • Charles, D. (2006). Universities as Key Knowledge Infrastructures in Regional Innovation Systems, The European Journal of Social Science Research, 19(1): 117-130.
  • Clara, M. (1999). CITER Info Centre - Knitwear and Textile, Italy Programme for SME Development, UNIDO, 16 p.
  • Clara, M. (2000). Real Service Centres in Italian Industrial Districts Lessons Learned From A Comparative Analysis, UNIDO, 23 p.
  • Cocchi, A. (2011). Business Models as Systemic Instruments for The Evolution of Traditional Districts?, 41 p.
  • Cooke, P. (1996). Building a Twenty-first Century Regional Economy in Emilia-Romagna, European Planning Studies, 4(1): 53-62.
  • Cooke, P. (2001). From Technopoles to Regional Innovation Systems: The Evolution of Localised Technology Development Policy, Canadian Journal of Regional Science, (24): 21-40.
  • Cooke, P. (2004), The Role of Research in Regional Innovation Systems: New Models Meeting Knowledge Economy Demands, International Journal of Technology Management, (28): 507-533.
  • Cooke, P. and Memedovic, O. (2003). Strategies for Regional Innovation Systems: Learning Transfer and Applications, UNIDO World Industrial Development Report, 25.
  • CUP (Central Europe Programme) (2010). Free: From Reseach to Enterprise-Innovation Systems Guidebook, 48 p.
  • Çelik, F. (2015). Bölgesel Kalkınma Ajanslarının Yeniliklere Katkıları: Teori, Deneyimler ve Türkiye Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi, Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Kayseri.
  • Çelik, F. (2018). Shannon Kalkınma Ajansı’nın (İrlanda) Yenilikçilik Faaliyetleri, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(2): 14-36.
  • Çelik, F. (2019a). Yerel Kalkınmada Üniversite-Kalkınma Ajansı İşbirliği: Türkiye (İzmir) Örneği, Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1): 41-62.
  • Çelik, F. (2019b). Styria Kalkınma Ajansı’nın (SFG) Yenilikçilik Faaliyetleri, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 74(3): 875-893.
  • Çelik, F. (2019c). Emilia-Romagna Bölgesi’ne (İtalya) Özgü Ekonomik Kalkınma Modeli: Emilian Modeli, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(2): 45-55.
  • Çelik, F. (2019d). Emilia-Romagna Bölgesi (İtalya) Yenilik Stratejisi’nin (PRRIITT) Değerlendirilmesi, Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 19(37): 1-25.
  • Çelik, F. ve Yıldız, R. (2015). Yerel Kalkınma Sorunu ve Bunun Çözümünde Üniversitelerin Rolü: Shannon Kalkınma Ajansı (SD) ve Limerick Üniversitesi (UL) Örneği, 3. Uluslararası Bölgesel Kalkınma Konferansı, Bingöl, 532-548.
  • Dura, C. (1994). Üniversite-Sanayi İşbirliği Üzerine Bir Deneme, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 49(3): 101-117.
  • EC (European Commission) (2011). Regional Innovation Monitor (2010 Annual Report), 97 p.
  • EC (2013). Summary Assessment of Emilia-Romagna (ESIC European Service Innovation Centre Report), 43 p.
  • Ederer, P.,Schuller, P. and Williams, S. (2011). Human Capital Leading Indicators: How Europe’s Regions and Cities Can Drive Growth and Foster Social Inclusion, 84 p.
  • E-R (Emilia-Romagna) (2005). Regional Report, Bologna, 48 p.
  • E-R (2007). Building and Improving Support for RTD Policy and Public Spending BIS-RTD, 22 p.
  • Eraydın, A. (2007). Politikalardan Süreç Tasarımına: Yeni Bölgesel Politikalar ve Yönetişim Modelleri, 2. Bölgesel Kalkınma ve Yönetişim Sempozyumu, İzmir, 5-23.
  • ERVET. Policies for Enterprises-Italy, 5 p.
  • ERVET (2008). Guide for Foreign Investment in Emilia-Romagna, 62 p.
  • Etzkowitz, H. and Leydesdorff, L. (1995). The Triple Helix-University-Industry-Government Relations: A Laboratory for Knowledge-Based Economic Development, EASST Review, (14): 14-19.
  • EURADA (1999). Creation, Development and Management of RDAs. Does it have to be so difficult?, 169 p.
  • Gagliardi, D., Mina, A. and Cunnigham, P. (2007). Analysis of The Regional Dimensions of Investment in Research Case Study Regional Report: Emilia-Romagna (Italy), 54 p.
  • Gülbaş, S. Y. (2011). İnovasyon: Teknopark Modeli, ANKEM Dergisi, (25): 139-145.
  • Hospers, G., Desrochers, P. and Sautet, F. (2009). The Next Silicon Valley? On The Relationship Between Geographical Clustering and Public Policy, International Enterpreneurship and Management Journal, 5(3): 285–299.
  • Humphrey, J. and Schmitz, H. (1995). Principles for Promoting Clusters & Networks of SMEs, 34 p.
  • Kayasü, S., Pınarcıoğlu, M., Yaşar, S. S. ve Dere, S. (2003). Yerel/Bölgesel Ekonomik Kalkınma ve Rekabet Gücünün Artırılması: Bölgesel Kalkınma Ajansları, İTO Yay., 148.
  • KB (Kalkınma Bakanlığı). (2012). Kalkınma Ajansları Genel Faaliyet Raporu 2012, 196.
  • KB. (2013). Kalkınma Ajansları 2013 Yılı Genel Faaliyet Raporu, 295.
  • Kiper, M. (2013). Sektörel İnovasyon Sistemi, Biyoteknoloji Sektörel İnovasyon Sistemi içinde (Ed.: Mahmut Kiper), Türkiye Teknoloji Geliştirme Vakfı, 7-30.
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  • López-Estornell, M. (2011). Similar Reality, Confronted Policies: Innovation and Clusters in Emilia-Romagna, Valencia and Veneto, 28.
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  • Marzocchi, C. (2009). The Evolution of An Innovation Policy in A Local System of Production. The Case of the Regional Programme for Industrial Research, Innovation and Technology Transfer, Università Ferrara PhD Thesis, 145.
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Yerel Kalkınmada Teknopark Modeli: Emilia-Romagna (İtalya) ve Shannon (İrlanda) Bölgeleri Örnekleri

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 21 Sayı: 4, 1112 - 1129, 30.12.2019
https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.417945

Öz





Teknopark, bir üniversite veya araştırma kurumunun öncülüğünde
üretilen bilginin ticarileştirilmesini amaçlayan bir kurumdur. Teknoparklar,
girişimcilere mali ve teknik destek vermektedir. Bilim parkı, yenilik merkezi gibi adlarla da anılmaktadır. Dünyanın
ilk teknoparkı, ABD’nin Stanford Üniversitesi bünyesinde 1952 yılında kurulan
Stanford Araştırma Parkı’dır (Silikon Vadisi). Yerel kalkınmada yenilikleri
teşvik etmek için teknopark kurulması, literatürde “Teknopark Modeli” olarak
adlandırılmıştır. Çalışmanın amacı, yerel kalkınmada teknopark modelini
İtalya’nın Emilia-Romagna ve İrlanda’nın Shannon bölgeleri örnekleri üzerinden
analiz etmektir. Bu çerçevede Emilia-Romagna bölgesinin kalkınma ajansı ERVET
ile Shannon bölgesinin kalkınma ajansı SD öncülüğünde ekonomik kalkınmayı hızlandırmak
üzere kurulan teknoparklar, kuruluş ve gelişme süreçleri ile ortaya konmuştur.
Konu, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman analizi tekniği ile ele alınmıştır.
Yapılan analiz ile şu sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır: a) Teknoparklar, yerel kalkınmaya
üretim, istihdam, Ar-Ge, yenilik gibi yönlerden katkıda bulunmuştur. b)
Teknoparklar ağ üzerinden birbirine bağlanmak suretiyle Sektörel Yenilik Sistemi ve Bölgesel
Yenilik Sistemi
kurulmuştur.


Kaynakça

  • Amin, A. (1999). The Emilian Model: Institutional Challenges, European Planning Studies, 4(7): 389-405.
  • Andreosso-O’Callaghana, B. (2000). Territory, Research and Technology Linkages - Is the Shannon Region a Propitious Local System of Innovation?, Entrepreneurship and Regional Development: An International Journal, 12(1): 69-87.
  • Asheim, B. T. and Isaksen, A. (1996). Location, Agglomeration and Innovation: Towards Regional Innovation Systems in Norway?, 52 p.
  • ASTER. Hi-Mech District, 24 p.
  • ASTER (2011). Emilia-Romagna High Technology, Network: Technopoles, 44 p.
  • ASTER (2012). The Emilia-Romagna Region-Local Analysis Report, 24 p.
  • Bandini, V. (2006). An Italian Experience for Innovation Promotion, 4th Workshop Project Network for Production integration between Latina American and The Caribbean SMEs, Costa Rica, 21 p.
  • Bandini, V. (2008). ASTER Science Techonology Business: The Agency for Industrial Research, Technology Transfer and Innovation of Emilia-Romagna Region, 20 p.
  • Bardi, A. (2007). Emilia-Romagna After Industrial Districts: Regional Policy Implications, Learning Together for Local Innovation: Promoting Learning Regions, B. Gustavsen, B. Nyhan, R. Ennals (ed.), Luxembourg, 165-174.
  • Bardi, A. and Bertini, S. (2004). Regional Development and Industrial Clusters in Global Competition, 4. LDWL Congress Transnational Cooperation on Social Regulation, 23 p.
  • Bellini, N. (2000). Real Services’: A Re-appraisal, European Planning Studies, 8(6): 711-728.
  • Bianchi, P. and Labory, S. (2011). Industrial Policy After The Crisis: The Case of The Emilia-Romagna Region in Italy, Policy Studies, 32(4): 429-445.
  • Bologni, L. (2008). The Regional Innovation Strategy and R&D Policies in Emilia-Romagna, 53 p.
  • Bologni, L. (2013). Emilia-Romagna Region Smart Specialization Strategy, 46 p.
  • Bonaretti, P., Open to Innovation, 3rd PRACE Industrial Seminar, 24 p.
  • Boucher, G. W. (2000). Unireg Regional Case Study Report The Shannon Region, 74 p.
  • Boucher, G., Conway, C. and Meer, E. V. D. (2003). Tiers of Engagement by Universities in Their Region’s Development, Regional Studies, 37(9): 887-897.
  • Brusco, S. (1982). The Emilian Model: Productive Decentralisation and Social Integration, Cambridge Journal of Economics, 6(2): 167-184.
  • Buckley, M. (2011). A Sustainable Regional Economic Growth Strategies for Irland’s Mid-West: Targets and Policies, Master Thesis in University of Limerick, 245 p.
  • Camagni, R. and Capello, R. (2012). Regional Innovation Patterns and the EU Regional Policy Reform: Towards Smart Innovation Policies, 52. ERSA Conference in Bratislava, 25 p.
  • Canzanelli, G. and Dichter, G. (2001). Local Economic Development, Human Development, and Decent Work, 65 p.
  • Capecchi, V. (1992). A History of Flexible Specialisation and Industrial Districts in Emilia-Romagna, in Industrial Districts and Inter-firm Co-operation in Italy, Ed.: F. Pyke, 0. Becattini and W. Sengenberger, 20-36.
  • Charles, D. (2006). Universities as Key Knowledge Infrastructures in Regional Innovation Systems, The European Journal of Social Science Research, 19(1): 117-130.
  • Clara, M. (1999). CITER Info Centre - Knitwear and Textile, Italy Programme for SME Development, UNIDO, 16 p.
  • Clara, M. (2000). Real Service Centres in Italian Industrial Districts Lessons Learned From A Comparative Analysis, UNIDO, 23 p.
  • Cocchi, A. (2011). Business Models as Systemic Instruments for The Evolution of Traditional Districts?, 41 p.
  • Cooke, P. (1996). Building a Twenty-first Century Regional Economy in Emilia-Romagna, European Planning Studies, 4(1): 53-62.
  • Cooke, P. (2001). From Technopoles to Regional Innovation Systems: The Evolution of Localised Technology Development Policy, Canadian Journal of Regional Science, (24): 21-40.
  • Cooke, P. (2004), The Role of Research in Regional Innovation Systems: New Models Meeting Knowledge Economy Demands, International Journal of Technology Management, (28): 507-533.
  • Cooke, P. and Memedovic, O. (2003). Strategies for Regional Innovation Systems: Learning Transfer and Applications, UNIDO World Industrial Development Report, 25.
  • CUP (Central Europe Programme) (2010). Free: From Reseach to Enterprise-Innovation Systems Guidebook, 48 p.
  • Çelik, F. (2015). Bölgesel Kalkınma Ajanslarının Yeniliklere Katkıları: Teori, Deneyimler ve Türkiye Uygulamalarının Değerlendirilmesi, Erciyes Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Kayseri.
  • Çelik, F. (2018). Shannon Kalkınma Ajansı’nın (İrlanda) Yenilikçilik Faaliyetleri, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(2): 14-36.
  • Çelik, F. (2019a). Yerel Kalkınmada Üniversite-Kalkınma Ajansı İşbirliği: Türkiye (İzmir) Örneği, Karabük Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(1): 41-62.
  • Çelik, F. (2019b). Styria Kalkınma Ajansı’nın (SFG) Yenilikçilik Faaliyetleri, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 74(3): 875-893.
  • Çelik, F. (2019c). Emilia-Romagna Bölgesi’ne (İtalya) Özgü Ekonomik Kalkınma Modeli: Emilian Modeli, Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(2): 45-55.
  • Çelik, F. (2019d). Emilia-Romagna Bölgesi (İtalya) Yenilik Stratejisi’nin (PRRIITT) Değerlendirilmesi, Sosyal Ekonomik Araştırmalar Dergisi, 19(37): 1-25.
  • Çelik, F. ve Yıldız, R. (2015). Yerel Kalkınma Sorunu ve Bunun Çözümünde Üniversitelerin Rolü: Shannon Kalkınma Ajansı (SD) ve Limerick Üniversitesi (UL) Örneği, 3. Uluslararası Bölgesel Kalkınma Konferansı, Bingöl, 532-548.
  • Dura, C. (1994). Üniversite-Sanayi İşbirliği Üzerine Bir Deneme, Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Dergisi, 49(3): 101-117.
  • EC (European Commission) (2011). Regional Innovation Monitor (2010 Annual Report), 97 p.
  • EC (2013). Summary Assessment of Emilia-Romagna (ESIC European Service Innovation Centre Report), 43 p.
  • Ederer, P.,Schuller, P. and Williams, S. (2011). Human Capital Leading Indicators: How Europe’s Regions and Cities Can Drive Growth and Foster Social Inclusion, 84 p.
  • E-R (Emilia-Romagna) (2005). Regional Report, Bologna, 48 p.
  • E-R (2007). Building and Improving Support for RTD Policy and Public Spending BIS-RTD, 22 p.
  • Eraydın, A. (2007). Politikalardan Süreç Tasarımına: Yeni Bölgesel Politikalar ve Yönetişim Modelleri, 2. Bölgesel Kalkınma ve Yönetişim Sempozyumu, İzmir, 5-23.
  • ERVET. Policies for Enterprises-Italy, 5 p.
  • ERVET (2008). Guide for Foreign Investment in Emilia-Romagna, 62 p.
  • Etzkowitz, H. and Leydesdorff, L. (1995). The Triple Helix-University-Industry-Government Relations: A Laboratory for Knowledge-Based Economic Development, EASST Review, (14): 14-19.
  • EURADA (1999). Creation, Development and Management of RDAs. Does it have to be so difficult?, 169 p.
  • Gagliardi, D., Mina, A. and Cunnigham, P. (2007). Analysis of The Regional Dimensions of Investment in Research Case Study Regional Report: Emilia-Romagna (Italy), 54 p.
  • Gülbaş, S. Y. (2011). İnovasyon: Teknopark Modeli, ANKEM Dergisi, (25): 139-145.
  • Hospers, G., Desrochers, P. and Sautet, F. (2009). The Next Silicon Valley? On The Relationship Between Geographical Clustering and Public Policy, International Enterpreneurship and Management Journal, 5(3): 285–299.
  • Humphrey, J. and Schmitz, H. (1995). Principles for Promoting Clusters & Networks of SMEs, 34 p.
  • Kayasü, S., Pınarcıoğlu, M., Yaşar, S. S. ve Dere, S. (2003). Yerel/Bölgesel Ekonomik Kalkınma ve Rekabet Gücünün Artırılması: Bölgesel Kalkınma Ajansları, İTO Yay., 148.
  • KB (Kalkınma Bakanlığı). (2012). Kalkınma Ajansları Genel Faaliyet Raporu 2012, 196.
  • KB. (2013). Kalkınma Ajansları 2013 Yılı Genel Faaliyet Raporu, 295.
  • Kiper, M. (2013). Sektörel İnovasyon Sistemi, Biyoteknoloji Sektörel İnovasyon Sistemi içinde (Ed.: Mahmut Kiper), Türkiye Teknoloji Geliştirme Vakfı, 7-30.
  • Landabaso, M. and Reid, A. (1999). Developing Regional Innovation Strategies: The European Commission as Animateur, in Regional Innovation Strategies. Morgan, K. and Nauwelaers, C. (Ed.) The Stationery Office. Regional Studies Association, 18-38.
  • LCDB (Limerick County Development Board) (2001). Analysis of Economic, Social & Cultural Situation Of County Limerick, 132.
  • López-Estornell, M. (2011). Similar Reality, Confronted Policies: Innovation and Clusters in Emilia-Romagna, Valencia and Veneto, 28.
  • López-Estornell, M., Barbera-Tomas, D. et al. (2012). Evolution of Innovation Policy in Emilia-Romagna and Valencia: Similar Reality, Similar Results? 30.
  • Maccani, P. (2007). The Role of a Regional Development Agency in The Improvement of Regional Territorial Policies, Italy-Turkey Bilateral Cooperation Project Izmir, 31.
  • Manuelli, A. (2002). Enhancing Productivitiy and Competetitiveess of SMEs Through Clustering and Networking: The Experience of Italy, 11.
  • Marzocchi, C. (2009). The Evolution of An Innovation Policy in A Local System of Production. The Case of the Regional Programme for Industrial Research, Innovation and Technology Transfer, Università Ferrara PhD Thesis, 145.
  • Mosconi, F. and Mantovi, A. (2010). The ‘Emilian Model’ for The Twenty-First Century, 20 p.
  • MWRA (Mid-West Regional Authority) (2012). Annual Report 2012, 40.
  • OECD. Shannon Development: Sample Case Studies (50 Years (1959-2009) of Commitment to the Shannon Region), 31 p.
  • OECD (2004). Information Technology Policy Survey, 113.
  • Oğuztürk, B. S. (2003). Yenilik Kavramı ve Teorik Temelleri, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2): 255-273.
  • Oğuztürk, B. S. (2006). Yenilikte Sistem Yaklaşımı ve Temel Dinamikleri: Ekonomik Değişim ve Büyüme Temelli Bir Yaklaşım, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 11(1): 121-139.
  • Özdemir, Y. (2014). Teknolojik İnovasyon Güdümlü ABD Ekonomisindeki Teknoparkların Ülke Kalkınmasındaki Rolü, www.sanayisurasi.gov.tr, 21.
  • Parker, R. (2007). Networked Governance or Just Networks? Local Governance of the Knowledge Economy in Limerick (Ireland) and Karlskrona (Sweden), 27.
  • Parker, R. (2008). Governance and The Entrepreneurial; Economy: A Comparative Analysis of Three Regions, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(5): 833-854.
  • Pfleger, D. (2004). Aspect of Emilia Romagna as An Economic Development Model, 17.
  • Pietrobelli, C. and Rabelloti, R. (2002). Business Development Service Centres in Italy, An Empirical Analysis of Three Regional Experiences: Emilia Romagna, Lombardia and Veneto, United Nations ECLAC, 84.
  • Porter, M. (2003). The Economic Performance of Regions, Regional Studies, 37(6-7): 549-578.
  • Quinn, B. (2007). Ireland: The Shannon Experience, 7.
  • Rees, N., Quinn, B. and Connaughton, B. (2006). Europeanisation, Adaptation and EU Regional Policy in Ireland: Assessing The ‘Goodness of Fit, 26.
  • Roper, S., Hewitt-Dundas, N. and Savage, M. (2002). Benchmarking Innovation Performance in Ireland’s Three NUTS 2 Regions, 44 p.
  • Rinaldi, A. (2002). The Emilian Model Revisted: Twenty Years After, 24.
  • Serafini, M. (2011). Technology Transfer in Emilia-Romagna Between Institutional Measures and “Informal” Collaborative Relations. The Case of the University of Bologna, 13.
  • SA (Shannon Airport) (2012). Shannon Development Change Management Tast Force Report, 89.
  • SD (Shannon Development) (2005). Annual Report 2005, 103.
  • SD (2010). Annual Report 2010, 58.
  • Sungur, O. ve Keskin, H. (2009). Coğrafi Yakınlık ‘Hala’ Önemli mi? Yerel İnovasyon Modellerinden Çok-Yerelli Bilgi Dinamiklerine Dönüşüm, Alanya İşletme Fakültesi Dergisi, 1(2): 107-131.
  • Sungur, O. ve Keskin, H. (2011). Yenilikte Sistem Yaklaşımı ve Bölgesel Yenilik Sistemleri: Kavramlar, Kuramlar, Politikalar, I. Uluslararası Bölgesel Kalkınma Konferansı, Malatya: 161-168.
  • Tödtling, F. and Trippl M. (2005). One Size Fits All? Towards a Differentiated Regional Innovation Policy Approach, Research Policy, 34: 1203-1219.
  • Uyarra, E. (2008). What is Evolutionary About ‘Regional Systems of Innovation’? Implications for Regional Policy, Manchester Business School Working Paper, Number 565, 23.
  • Uyarra, E. and Haarich, S. N. (2002). Evaluation, Foresight and Participation as New Elements For Regional Innovation Policy Practice: Lessons From The Regional Innovation Strategies (RIS). ERSA Conference, Dortmund, 20.
  • Vecchio, P. D. (2008). Regional Innovation Strategies in Europe A Comparative Study of Emilia-Romagna and Friuli-Venezia-Giulia, 47.
  • Yalçıntaş, M. (2014). Üniversite-Sanayi-Devlet İşbirliğinin Ülke Ekonomilerine Etkileri: İstanbul Teknopark Örneği, Finansal Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 5(10): 83-106.
  • Yıldırım, A. ve Şimşek, H. (2013). Sosyal Bilimlerde Nitel Araştırma Yöntemleri, Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık, 448.
Toplam 92 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Bölüm Hukuk
Yazarlar

Fatih Çelik 0000-0002-4486-5722

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2019
Gönderilme Tarihi 24 Nisan 2018
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2019 Cilt: 21 Sayı: 4

Kaynak Göster

APA Çelik, F. (2019). Yerel Kalkınmada Teknopark Modeli: Emilia-Romagna (İtalya) ve Shannon (İrlanda) Bölgeleri Örnekleri. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 21(4), 1112-1129. https://doi.org/10.32709/akusosbil.417945