Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2023,
Sayı: 44, 314 - 350, 31.08.2023
Öz
Örgütlerde insan faktörünün önemi teknolojinin de etkisiyle marjinalleşerek artmakta ve yöneticilerin sadece rollerinin gerektirdiği şeyleri yapmak yerine daha gelişmiş davranış kalıplarını göstermeleri beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada Hakkâri’de görev yapan kamu kurumu yöneticilerinin proaktif kişilik özelliklerinin dönüşümcü liderlik özellikleri üzerindeki rolü araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen veriler Hakkâri’de görev yapan kurum yöneticilerinden yüz yüze görüşmeler yapılarak elde edilmiştir. Yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler nitel veri analizi programında analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, görüşülen kurum yöneticileri proaktif kişiliklerinin daha çok mesleki ve kurumsal gelişim boyutunda kendini gösterdiğini; niteliksel ya da fiziksel değişim gerçekleştirmede proaktif davrandıklarını ifade etmişlerdir. Ayrıca kurum yöneticilerinin çalışanları karar verme sürecine dâhil ederek ilham kaynağı oldukları, sahada bulunarak çalışanlara rol model oldukları, biz bilinci olgusunu vurgulayarak takım ruhunu geliştirdikleri, kişisel ihtiyaçlara duyarlı davranarak bireyselleştirilmiş ilgi gösterdikleri ve teşvik etme boyutlarında dönüşümcü liderlik özellikleri sergiledikleri tespit edilmiştir. Son olarak görüşülen kurum yöneticilerinin genel olarak “biz” ve “bizim” kelimelerini kullandıkları ortaya çıkmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Proaktif Kişilik Proaktif Davranış Liderlik Dönüşümcü Liderlik
Kaynakça
- Adhyke, Y.P., Eliyana, A., Sridadi, A.R., Septiarini, D.F. & Anwar, A. (2023). Hear Me Out! This Is My Idea: Transformational Leadership, Proactive Personality and Relational Identification. SAGE Open, January-March, 1–15.
- Allport, G.W. (1955). Becoming: Basic Considerationsfor a Psychology of Personality. Yale University Press, New Haven.
- Andriani, S., Kesumawati, N. & Kristiawan, M. (2018). The influence of the transformational leadership and work motivation on teachers performance. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 7(7), 19-29.
- Avolio, B.J., Waldman, D.A. & Yammarino, F. J. (1991). Leading in the 1990s: The four I′s of transformational leadership. Journal of European Industrial Training, 15(4), 9-16.
- Ausat, A.M., Suherlan, Peirisal, T. & Hirawan, Z. (2022). The effect of transformational leadership on organizational commitment and work performance. Journal of Leadership in Organizations, 4(4), 61-82.
- Bakker, A.B., Hetland, J., Olsen, O.K. & Espevik, R. (2022). Daily transformational leadership: A source of inspiration for follower performance?. European Management Journal, December, 1-9.
- Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.
- Bass, B.M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Free Press, New York.
- Bass, B.M. & Avolio, B. J. (1990). Developing transformational leadership: 1992 and beyond. Journal of European Industrial Training, 14(5), 21-27.
- Bass, B.M., Waldman, D.A. & Avolio, B.J. (1987). Transformational leadership and the falling dominoes effect. Group & Organization Studies, 12(1),73-87.
- Bass, B.M. & Avolio, B.J. (1993). Transformational leadership and organizational culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 17(1), 112-121.
- Bass, B.M. & Avolio, B.J. (1995). MLQ multifactor leadership questionnaire. Redwood City; CA: Mind Garden. www.mindgarden.com.
- Bass, B.M. & Riggio, R.E. (2006). Transformational leadership. Psychology Press, Great Britain.
- Bateman, T. S. & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 103–118.
- Bergeron, D. M., Schroeder, T. D. & Martinez, H. A. (2014). Proactive personality at work: Seeing more to do and doing more?. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(1), 71–86.
- Buil, I., Martínez, E. & Matute, J. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee performance: The role of identification, engagement and proactive personality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, 64-75.
- Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. Harper & Row Publishers, USA.
- Caniëls, M.C.J., Semeijn, J.H. & Renders, I.H.M. (2018). Mind the mindset! The interaction of proactive personality, transformational leadership and growth mindset for engagement at work. Career Development International, 23(1), 48-66.
- Carless, S.A., Wearing, A.J. & Mann, L. (2000). A short measure of transformational leadership. Journal of Business and Psychology, 14(3), 389-405.
- Dvir, T., Kass, N. & Shamir, B. (2004). The emotional bond: vision and organizational commitment among high‐tech employees. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17(2), 126–143.
- Eliyana, A. & Muzakki, S. M. (2019). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment effect in the transformational leadership towards employee performance. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 25, 144–150.
- Fay, D. & Frese, M. (2000). Self-starting behavior at work: Toward a theory of personal initiative. (Ed.) J. Heckhausen, Motivational psychology of human development (pp. 307-324). Elsevier Science.
- Frese, M., Fay, D., Hilburger, T., Leng, K. & Tag, A. (1997). The concept of personal initiative: Operationalization, reliability and validity in two German samples. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70, 139–161.
- Fuller, J. B., Marler, L. E. & Hester, K. (2006). Promoting felt responsibility for constructive change and proactive behavior: exploring aspects of an elaborated model of work design. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(8), 1089–1120.
- Grant, A.M. & Ashford, S.J. (2008). The dynamics of proactivity at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 1, 3-34.
- Hoch, J. E., Bommer, W. H., Dulebohn J. H. & Wu, D. (2018). Do Ethical, Authentic, and Servant Leadership Explain Variance Above and Beyond Transformational Leadership? A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Management, 44 (2), 501–529.
- Jung, C.G. (1946). Psychological Types. (Çev. H. Godwin Baynes), Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd., New York.
- Koh, D., K. Lee, & K. Joshi. 2019. Transformational Leadership and Creativity: A Meta-analytic Review and Identification of an Integrated Model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(6), 625–650.
- LeCompte, M. D. & Goetz, J. P. (1982). Problems of reliability and validity in ethnographic research. Review of Educational Research, 52, 31-60.
- Maddi, S. R., Charlens, A. M., Maddi, D.-A., & Smith, A. J. (1962). Effects of monotony and novelty on imaginative productions. Journal of Personality, 30(4), 513–527.
- Maddi, S. R., Propst, B. S., & Feldinger, I. (1965). Three expressions of the need for variety. Journal of Personality, 33(1), 82–98.
- Maddi, S. R. (1971). Explotaroty behavior and Variation in Seeking Man. (Eds.) D. W. F. & S. R. Maddi, Functions of varied experience, (ss. 253-277). The Dorsey Press, Illinois.
- Maddi, S. R. (1976). Personality theories: A comparative analysis. Illinois, The Dorsey Press.
- Maria, A.D., Yulianto, H., Palupiningtyas, D. & Usodo, H. (2021). Relationship between transformational leadership, proactive personality, creative self-efficacy and employee creativity at food processing SMEs in Indonesia. Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship.
- Miles, M. B., Huberman, M. & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. Sage Publications.
- Morrison, E. W. & Phelps, C. C. (1999). Taking charge at work: Extrarole efforts to initiate workplace change. Academy of Management Journal, 42, 403-419.
- Mubarak, N., Khan, J., Yasmin, R. & Osmadi, A. (2021). “The impact of a proactive personality on innovative work behavior: the role of work engagement and transformational leadership”. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 42(7), 989-1003.
- Neuman, W.L. (2014). Toplumsal araştırma yöntemleri-nitel ve nicel yaklaşımlar. Yayın Odası Yayıncılık, Ankara.
- Northouse, N.G. (2001). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage Publications, Inc., USA.
- Patton, M.Q. (2014). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri. (Çev. Ed. Mesut Bütün ve Selçuk Beşir Demir). Pegem Akademi.
- Pillai, R., Williams, E. A., Lowe, K. B. & Jung, D. I. (2003). Personality, transformational leadership, trust, and the 2000 U.S. presidential vote. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(2), 161–192.
- Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Moorman, R.H. & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satistaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107-142.
- Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B. & Bommer, M.H. (1996). Transformational leader behaviors and substitutes for leadership as determinants of employee satisfaction, commitment, trust and organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Management, 22(2), 259-298.
- Poutiatine, M. I. (2009). What is transformation?: Nine principles toward an understanding transformational process for transformational leadership. Journal of Transformative Education, 7(3), 189-208.
- Proactive. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/proactive. (Access Date: 17 Mayıs 2022).
- Seibert, S. E., Crant, J. M. & Kraimer, M. L. (1999). Proactive personality and career success. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(3), 416–427.
- Simic, I. (1998). Transformational leadership: The key to successful management of transformational organizational changes. Facta Universitatis. Series: Economics and Organization, (1), 49-55.
- Thomas, J.P., Whitman, D.S. & Viswesvaran, C. (2010). Employee proactivity in organizations: A comparative meta-analysis of emergent proactive constructs. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 275–300.
- Tichy, N.M. & Devanna, M.A. (1986). The transformational leader. John Willey & Sons, Inc., New York.
- Williams, H. M., Parker, S. K. & Turner, N. (2010). Proactively performing teams: The role of work design, transformational leadership, and team composition. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(2), 301–324.
- Yang, C., Chen, Y., Zhao, X.R. & Hua, N. (2020). Transformational leadership, proactive personality and service performance: The mediating role of organizational embeddedness. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(1), 267-287.
- Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2006). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
Yıl 2023,
Sayı: 44, 314 - 350, 31.08.2023
Öz
The importance of the human factor in organizations is increasing by being marginalized with the effect of technology, and managers are expected to show more advanced behavior patterns instead of just doing what their roles require. In this study, the role of proactive personality traits of public institution managers working in Hakkâri on transformational leadership traits was researched. The data gathered in this research were obtained by conducting face-to-face interviews with the managers of the institutions working in Hakkari. Later on the data were analyzed in the qualitative data analysis program. As a result of the analysis, the interviewed corporate executives stated that their proactive personalities mostly manifest themselves in the professional and institutional development dimension; stated that they acted proactively in realizing qualitative or physical change. In addition, it has been determined that corporate managers are a source of inspiration by including their employees in the decision-making process, they are role models for the employees by being in the field, they develop team spirit by emphasizing the concept of us consciousness, they show individualized attention by being sensitive to personal needs, and they display transformational leadership characteristics in the dimensions of encouragement. Finally, it was revealed that the managers of the institutions interviewed generally use the words "we" and "our".
Anahtar Kelimeler
Proactive Personality Proactive Behavior Leadership Transformational Leadership
Kaynakça
- Adhyke, Y.P., Eliyana, A., Sridadi, A.R., Septiarini, D.F. & Anwar, A. (2023). Hear Me Out! This Is My Idea: Transformational Leadership, Proactive Personality and Relational Identification. SAGE Open, January-March, 1–15.
- Allport, G.W. (1955). Becoming: Basic Considerationsfor a Psychology of Personality. Yale University Press, New Haven.
- Andriani, S., Kesumawati, N. & Kristiawan, M. (2018). The influence of the transformational leadership and work motivation on teachers performance. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 7(7), 19-29.
- Avolio, B.J., Waldman, D.A. & Yammarino, F. J. (1991). Leading in the 1990s: The four I′s of transformational leadership. Journal of European Industrial Training, 15(4), 9-16.
- Ausat, A.M., Suherlan, Peirisal, T. & Hirawan, Z. (2022). The effect of transformational leadership on organizational commitment and work performance. Journal of Leadership in Organizations, 4(4), 61-82.
- Bakker, A.B., Hetland, J., Olsen, O.K. & Espevik, R. (2022). Daily transformational leadership: A source of inspiration for follower performance?. European Management Journal, December, 1-9.
- Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. W.H. Freeman and Company, New York.
- Bass, B.M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. Free Press, New York.
- Bass, B.M. & Avolio, B. J. (1990). Developing transformational leadership: 1992 and beyond. Journal of European Industrial Training, 14(5), 21-27.
- Bass, B.M., Waldman, D.A. & Avolio, B.J. (1987). Transformational leadership and the falling dominoes effect. Group & Organization Studies, 12(1),73-87.
- Bass, B.M. & Avolio, B.J. (1993). Transformational leadership and organizational culture. Public Administration Quarterly, 17(1), 112-121.
- Bass, B.M. & Avolio, B.J. (1995). MLQ multifactor leadership questionnaire. Redwood City; CA: Mind Garden. www.mindgarden.com.
- Bass, B.M. & Riggio, R.E. (2006). Transformational leadership. Psychology Press, Great Britain.
- Bateman, T. S. & Crant, J. M. (1993). The proactive component of organizational behavior: A measure and correlates. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14(2), 103–118.
- Bergeron, D. M., Schroeder, T. D. & Martinez, H. A. (2014). Proactive personality at work: Seeing more to do and doing more?. Journal of Business and Psychology, 29(1), 71–86.
- Buil, I., Martínez, E. & Matute, J. (2019). Transformational leadership and employee performance: The role of identification, engagement and proactive personality. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 77, 64-75.
- Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. Harper & Row Publishers, USA.
- Caniëls, M.C.J., Semeijn, J.H. & Renders, I.H.M. (2018). Mind the mindset! The interaction of proactive personality, transformational leadership and growth mindset for engagement at work. Career Development International, 23(1), 48-66.
- Carless, S.A., Wearing, A.J. & Mann, L. (2000). A short measure of transformational leadership. Journal of Business and Psychology, 14(3), 389-405.
- Dvir, T., Kass, N. & Shamir, B. (2004). The emotional bond: vision and organizational commitment among high‐tech employees. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 17(2), 126–143.
- Eliyana, A. & Muzakki, S. M. (2019). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment effect in the transformational leadership towards employee performance. European Research on Management and Business Economics, 25, 144–150.
- Fay, D. & Frese, M. (2000). Self-starting behavior at work: Toward a theory of personal initiative. (Ed.) J. Heckhausen, Motivational psychology of human development (pp. 307-324). Elsevier Science.
- Frese, M., Fay, D., Hilburger, T., Leng, K. & Tag, A. (1997). The concept of personal initiative: Operationalization, reliability and validity in two German samples. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 70, 139–161.
- Fuller, J. B., Marler, L. E. & Hester, K. (2006). Promoting felt responsibility for constructive change and proactive behavior: exploring aspects of an elaborated model of work design. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 27(8), 1089–1120.
- Grant, A.M. & Ashford, S.J. (2008). The dynamics of proactivity at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 28, 1, 3-34.
- Hoch, J. E., Bommer, W. H., Dulebohn J. H. & Wu, D. (2018). Do Ethical, Authentic, and Servant Leadership Explain Variance Above and Beyond Transformational Leadership? A Meta-Analysis. Journal of Management, 44 (2), 501–529.
- Jung, C.G. (1946). Psychological Types. (Çev. H. Godwin Baynes), Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd., New York.
- Koh, D., K. Lee, & K. Joshi. 2019. Transformational Leadership and Creativity: A Meta-analytic Review and Identification of an Integrated Model. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 40(6), 625–650.
- LeCompte, M. D. & Goetz, J. P. (1982). Problems of reliability and validity in ethnographic research. Review of Educational Research, 52, 31-60.
- Maddi, S. R., Charlens, A. M., Maddi, D.-A., & Smith, A. J. (1962). Effects of monotony and novelty on imaginative productions. Journal of Personality, 30(4), 513–527.
- Maddi, S. R., Propst, B. S., & Feldinger, I. (1965). Three expressions of the need for variety. Journal of Personality, 33(1), 82–98.
- Maddi, S. R. (1971). Explotaroty behavior and Variation in Seeking Man. (Eds.) D. W. F. & S. R. Maddi, Functions of varied experience, (ss. 253-277). The Dorsey Press, Illinois.
- Maddi, S. R. (1976). Personality theories: A comparative analysis. Illinois, The Dorsey Press.
- Maria, A.D., Yulianto, H., Palupiningtyas, D. & Usodo, H. (2021). Relationship between transformational leadership, proactive personality, creative self-efficacy and employee creativity at food processing SMEs in Indonesia. Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship.
- Miles, M. B., Huberman, M. & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook. Sage Publications.
- Morrison, E. W. & Phelps, C. C. (1999). Taking charge at work: Extrarole efforts to initiate workplace change. Academy of Management Journal, 42, 403-419.
- Mubarak, N., Khan, J., Yasmin, R. & Osmadi, A. (2021). “The impact of a proactive personality on innovative work behavior: the role of work engagement and transformational leadership”. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 42(7), 989-1003.
- Neuman, W.L. (2014). Toplumsal araştırma yöntemleri-nitel ve nicel yaklaşımlar. Yayın Odası Yayıncılık, Ankara.
- Northouse, N.G. (2001). Leadership: Theory and practice. Sage Publications, Inc., USA.
- Patton, M.Q. (2014). Nitel araştırma ve değerlendirme yöntemleri. (Çev. Ed. Mesut Bütün ve Selçuk Beşir Demir). Pegem Akademi.
- Pillai, R., Williams, E. A., Lowe, K. B. & Jung, D. I. (2003). Personality, transformational leadership, trust, and the 2000 U.S. presidential vote. The Leadership Quarterly, 14(2), 161–192.
- Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B., Moorman, R.H. & Fetter, R. (1990). Transformational leader behaviors and their effects on followers’ trust in leader, satistaction, and organizational citizenship behaviors. Leadership Quarterly, 1(2), 107-142.
- Podsakoff, P.M., MacKenzie, S.B. & Bommer, M.H. (1996). Transformational leader behaviors and substitutes for leadership as determinants of employee satisfaction, commitment, trust and organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Management, 22(2), 259-298.
- Poutiatine, M. I. (2009). What is transformation?: Nine principles toward an understanding transformational process for transformational leadership. Journal of Transformative Education, 7(3), 189-208.
- Proactive. https://dictionary.cambridge.org/dictionary/english/proactive. (Access Date: 17 Mayıs 2022).
- Seibert, S. E., Crant, J. M. & Kraimer, M. L. (1999). Proactive personality and career success. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(3), 416–427.
- Simic, I. (1998). Transformational leadership: The key to successful management of transformational organizational changes. Facta Universitatis. Series: Economics and Organization, (1), 49-55.
- Thomas, J.P., Whitman, D.S. & Viswesvaran, C. (2010). Employee proactivity in organizations: A comparative meta-analysis of emergent proactive constructs. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83, 275–300.
- Tichy, N.M. & Devanna, M.A. (1986). The transformational leader. John Willey & Sons, Inc., New York.
- Williams, H. M., Parker, S. K. & Turner, N. (2010). Proactively performing teams: The role of work design, transformational leadership, and team composition. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 83(2), 301–324.
- Yang, C., Chen, Y., Zhao, X.R. & Hua, N. (2020). Transformational leadership, proactive personality and service performance: The mediating role of organizational embeddedness. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 32(1), 267-287.
- Yıldırım, A. & Şimşek, H. (2006). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Seçkin Yayıncılık, Ankara.
Toplam 52 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Bölüm | Makaleler |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 31 Ağustos 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Ağustos 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Sayı: 44 |
- Makale Dosyaları