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BLOCKCHAIN ÜZERİNE YENİ BİR HALKA: NON-FUNGIBLE TOKEN (NFT)'NİN BİLİNİRLİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 97 - 115, 31.07.2023

Fatih Konak Esra Özkahveci

https://doi.org/10.55179/dusbed.1193852

Abstract

Her geçen gün önemi daha belirgin hale gelen blockchain, açık anahtarlı şifreleme ile güvence altına alınan ve blok dizisinden oluşan sayı dizisidir. Günümüzde blockchain tabanlı oluşturulan yüzlerce kripto para birimi bulunmaktadır. Yakın zamanda kripto para piyasanın gelişmesi ile birlikte Non-Fungible Token olarak ifade edilen dijital bir varlık dikkatleri üzerine çekmiştir. Benzersiz kimlikleri olan NFT, koleksiyon, sanat eserleri, sanal dünyadaki nesneler ve diğer oyunlardan dijitalleştirilmiş karakterlerdir. Non-Fungible Tokenler yatırımcılara bir nesneyi satın alma veya satma yolunu tanıtırlar. Ayrıca bu varlıklar çevrimiçi olarak, çoğunlukla kripto para birimiyle işlem görürler ve bir blok zincirindeki akıllı sözleşmeler içinde kodlanırlar. Bu perspektifte araştırmanın amacı, 2020-2022 yakın dönemde "Non-Fungible Token" ve kısaltması "NFT" terimlerinin Google aranma sıklıklarını ‘finans’ alt segmentinde inceleyerek, ABD ve Türkiye ülkelerinde karşılaştırmalı olarak tespit etmektedir. Araştırma sonucunda elde edilen Google Trends verileri, kullanıcı/yatırımcının "Non-Fungible Token"den ziyade baş harflerinden oluşan "NFT" kavramını 2021 yılı itibarıyla daha çok bildiğini işaret etmiştir. Bu kapsamda araştırma güçlü bir pazar haline gelen ve yatırımcının bir anda dikkatini çekmeyi başaran "Non-Fungible Token" ve kısaltması "NFT" kavramlarının finans literatüründeki bilinirlilik düzeyini belirleme aşamasında ulusal literatüre özgün değer katmaktadır.

Keywords

Blockchain Kripto Para NFT Non-Fungible Token.

References

  • Ante, L. (2022). Non-Fungible Token (NFT) Markets on The Ethereum Blockchain: Temporal Development, Cointegration And İnterrelations. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 1-19.
  • Bhosale, J., & Mavale, S. (2018). Volatility of Select Crypto-Currencies: A Comparison of Bitcoin, Ethereum and Litecoin. Annu. Res. J. SCMS, 6.
  • Bragazzi, N. L., & Mahroum, N. (2019). Google Trends Predicts Present and Future Plague Cases During The Plague Outbreak in Madagascar: Infodemiological Study. JMIR public health and surveillance, 5(1), e13142.
  • Campbell-Verduyn, M. (2018). Bitcoin, crypto-Coins, And Global Anti-Money Laundering Governance. Crime, Law and Social Change, 69(2), 283-305.
  • Carneiro, H. A., & Mylonakis, E. (2009). Google Trends: A Web-Based Tool For Real-Time Surveillance of Disease Outbreaks. Clinical infectious diseases, 49(10), 1557-1564.
  • Carrière‐Swallow, Y., & Labbé, F. (2013). Nowcasting With Google Trends İn An Emerging Market. Journal of Forecasting, 32(4), 289-298.
  • Chalmers, D., Fisch, C., Matthews, R., Quinn, W., & Recker, J. (2022). Beyond The Bubble: Will Nfts and Digital Proof of Ownership Empower Creative Industry Entrepreneurs?. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 17, e00309.
  • Chatterjee, J. M., Son, L. H., Ghatak, S., Kumar, R., & Khari, M. (2018). BitCoin Exclusively Informational Money: A Valuable Review From 2010 to 2017. Quality & Quantity, 52(5), 2037-2054.
  • Das, D., Bose, P., Ruaro, N., Kruegel, C., & Vigna, G. (2021). Understanding Security Issues in The NFT Ecosystem. arXiv preprint arXiv:2111, 08893.
  • Dionisio, J. D. N., III, W. G. B., & Gilbert, R. (2013). 3D Virtual Worlds and The Metaverse: Current Status And Future Possibilities. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 45(3), 1-38.
  • Dowling, M. (2022). Fertile LAND: Pricing Non-Fungible Tokens. Finance Research Letters, 44, 102096.
  • Dowling, M. (2022). Is Non-Fungible Token Pricing Driven By Cryptocurrencies?. Finance Research Letters, 44, 102097.
  • Duan, H., Li, J., Fan, S., Lin, Z., Wu, X., & Cai, W. (2021, October). Metaverse For Social Good: A University Campus Prototype. In Proceedings of The 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, 153-161.
  • Gamma, A., Schleifer, R., Weinmann, W., Buadze, A., & Liebrenz, M. (2016). Could Google Trends be Used To Predict Methamphetamine-Related Crime? An Analysis of Search Volume Data in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. PloS one, 11(11), e0166566.
  • Gazioğlu, A. & Ahmet, Özen (2022). NFT’nin Gelişimi ve Vergilendirilmesi Üzerine Genel Değerlendirme. İzmir Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(1), 23-33.
  • Goforth, C. R. (2020). The Case for Preempting State Money Transmission Laws for Crypto-Based Businesses. Ark. L. Rev., 73, 301.
  • Haber, S., & Stornetta, W. S. (1990, August). How to Time-Stamp A Digital Document. in Conference on The Theory and Application of Cryptography Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 437-455.
  • Haberolduk.com, (2022). 2021 Google Aramalarında Popüler Olan NFT Hakkında Bilmeniz Gerekenler, https://www.haberolduk.com/2021-google-aramalarinda-populer-olan-nft-hakkinda-bilmeniz-gerekenler/ (E.T.: 04.10.2022)
  • Inbusiness.com, (2022). NFT: Sadece Sanat Değil, https://www.inbusiness.com.tr/in-business/2022/08/15/nft-sadece-sanat-degil (E.T.: 19.10.2022)
  • İldaş, G. (2022). Transmedya Hikâyecilik Bağlamında NFT Dünyası. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 10(1), 229-244.
  • Inovax.net, (2022). Bugüne Kadar Satılmış En Pahalı NFT Eserler, https://inovax.net/2022/08/bugune-kadar-satilmis-en-pahali-nft-eserler/ (E.T.: 05.10.2022)
  • İsbank.com, (2021). NFT Nedir, Ne İşe Yarar?, https://www.isbank.com.tr/blog/nft-nedir (E.T.: 04.10.2022)
  • Kaneko, Y. (2021, December). A Time-Series Analysis of How Google Trends Searches Affect Cryptocurrency Prices For Decentralized Finance and Non-Fungible Tokens. In 2021 International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), 222-227.
  • Katı, M. & Selek, S. (2011). Search Frequencies of Some Medical Terms in İnternet: Google Trends Analysis. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(3), 86-88.
  • Kocabıyık, T., Teker, T. & Aksoy, E. (2020). Google Trends ‘Dolar’ Aramaları İle Dolar Kuru Arasındaki İlişkinin Keşfi. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (6), 258-271.
  • Koinsaati, 2021. NFT’ler: Neden 2021’de Popülerliği Arttı ve Kaderinde Daha Fazlası Var, https://koinsaati.com/nftler-neden-2021de-populerligi-artti-ve-kaderinde-daha-fazlasi-var/ E.T.: 05.10.2022)
  • Lindman, J., Tuunainen, V. K., & Rossi, M. (2017). Opportunities and Risks of Blockchain Technologies–a ResearchAagenda.
  • Mattila, J., & Seppälä, T. (2015). Blockchains as a Path to a Network of Systems-An Emerging New Trend of the Digital Platforms in Industry and Society. ETLA Report. (No. 45).
  • Mavragani, A., & Ochoa, G. (2019). Google Trends in İnfodemiology and Infoveillance: Methodology Framework. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 5(2), e13439.
  • Mazur, M. (2021). Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT). The Analysis of Risk and Return. Available at SSRN 3953535.
  • Nadini, M., Alessandretti, L., Di Giacinto, F., Martino, M., Aiello, L. M., & Baronchelli, A. (2021). Mapping The NFT Revolution: Market Trends, Trade Networks, and Visual Features. Scientific reports, 11(1), 1-11.
  • Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-To-Peer Electronic Cash System. Decentralized Business Review, 21260.
  • Nevelsteen, K. J. (2018). Virtual World, Defined From A Technological Perspective and Applied to Video Games, Mixed Reality, and The Metaverse. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, 29(1), e1752.
  • Nuti, S. V., Wayda, B., Ranasinghe, I., Wang, S., Dreyer, R. P., Chen, S. I., & Murugiah, K. (2014). The Use Of Google Trends in Health Care Research: A Systematic Review. PloS One, 9(10), e109583.
  • Oral, B. G. Değiştirilemez Jetonların (NFT) Vergilendirilmesi. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(3), 1-14.
  • Özkahveci, E., Civek, F. & Ulusoy, G. (2022). Endüstri 5.0 Döneminde Metaverse (Kurgusal Evren)’Ün Yeri. Internatioanl Journal of Social, Humanitites and Administrative Sciences, 8(50), 398-409.
  • Popescu, A. D. (2021). Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT)–Innovation Beyond The Craze. In 5th International Conference on Innovation in Business, Economics and Marketing Research.
  • Regner, F., Urbach, N., & Schweizer, A. (2019). NFTs in Practice–Non-Fungible Tokens As Core Component of A Blockchain-Based Event Ticketing Application.
  • Rhue, L. (2018). Trust İs All You Need: An Empirical Exploration of Initial Coin Offerings (Icos) and ICO Reputation Scores. Available at SSRN, 3179723.
  • Seifter, A., Schwarzwalder, A., Geis, K., & Aucott, J. (2010). The Utility of “Google Trends” For Epidemiological Research: Lyme Disease As an Example. Geospatial Health, 4(2), 135-137.
  • Tijan, E., Aksentijević, S., Ivanić, K., & Jardas, M. (2019). Blockchain Technology Implementation in Logistics. Sustainability, 11(4), 1185.
  • Zhao, J. L., Fan, S., & Yan, J. (2016). Overview of Business İnnovations and Research Opportunities in Blockchain and İntroduction To The Special Issue. Financial Innovation, 2(1), 1-7.
  • Zuckerberg, M., & Heath, A. (2021). Mark Zuckerberg on Why Facebook Is Rebranding to Meta. The Verge.

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 97 - 115, 31.07.2023

Fatih Konak Esra Özkahveci

https://doi.org/10.55179/dusbed.1193852

Abstract

References

  • Ante, L. (2022). Non-Fungible Token (NFT) Markets on The Ethereum Blockchain: Temporal Development, Cointegration And İnterrelations. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 1-19.
  • Bhosale, J., & Mavale, S. (2018). Volatility of Select Crypto-Currencies: A Comparison of Bitcoin, Ethereum and Litecoin. Annu. Res. J. SCMS, 6.
  • Bragazzi, N. L., & Mahroum, N. (2019). Google Trends Predicts Present and Future Plague Cases During The Plague Outbreak in Madagascar: Infodemiological Study. JMIR public health and surveillance, 5(1), e13142.
  • Campbell-Verduyn, M. (2018). Bitcoin, crypto-Coins, And Global Anti-Money Laundering Governance. Crime, Law and Social Change, 69(2), 283-305.
  • Carneiro, H. A., & Mylonakis, E. (2009). Google Trends: A Web-Based Tool For Real-Time Surveillance of Disease Outbreaks. Clinical infectious diseases, 49(10), 1557-1564.
  • Carrière‐Swallow, Y., & Labbé, F. (2013). Nowcasting With Google Trends İn An Emerging Market. Journal of Forecasting, 32(4), 289-298.
  • Chalmers, D., Fisch, C., Matthews, R., Quinn, W., & Recker, J. (2022). Beyond The Bubble: Will Nfts and Digital Proof of Ownership Empower Creative Industry Entrepreneurs?. Journal of Business Venturing Insights, 17, e00309.
  • Chatterjee, J. M., Son, L. H., Ghatak, S., Kumar, R., & Khari, M. (2018). BitCoin Exclusively Informational Money: A Valuable Review From 2010 to 2017. Quality & Quantity, 52(5), 2037-2054.
  • Das, D., Bose, P., Ruaro, N., Kruegel, C., & Vigna, G. (2021). Understanding Security Issues in The NFT Ecosystem. arXiv preprint arXiv:2111, 08893.
  • Dionisio, J. D. N., III, W. G. B., & Gilbert, R. (2013). 3D Virtual Worlds and The Metaverse: Current Status And Future Possibilities. ACM Computing Surveys (CSUR), 45(3), 1-38.
  • Dowling, M. (2022). Fertile LAND: Pricing Non-Fungible Tokens. Finance Research Letters, 44, 102096.
  • Dowling, M. (2022). Is Non-Fungible Token Pricing Driven By Cryptocurrencies?. Finance Research Letters, 44, 102097.
  • Duan, H., Li, J., Fan, S., Lin, Z., Wu, X., & Cai, W. (2021, October). Metaverse For Social Good: A University Campus Prototype. In Proceedings of The 29th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, 153-161.
  • Gamma, A., Schleifer, R., Weinmann, W., Buadze, A., & Liebrenz, M. (2016). Could Google Trends be Used To Predict Methamphetamine-Related Crime? An Analysis of Search Volume Data in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria. PloS one, 11(11), e0166566.
  • Gazioğlu, A. & Ahmet, Özen (2022). NFT’nin Gelişimi ve Vergilendirilmesi Üzerine Genel Değerlendirme. İzmir Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 4(1), 23-33.
  • Goforth, C. R. (2020). The Case for Preempting State Money Transmission Laws for Crypto-Based Businesses. Ark. L. Rev., 73, 301.
  • Haber, S., & Stornetta, W. S. (1990, August). How to Time-Stamp A Digital Document. in Conference on The Theory and Application of Cryptography Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 437-455.
  • Haberolduk.com, (2022). 2021 Google Aramalarında Popüler Olan NFT Hakkında Bilmeniz Gerekenler, https://www.haberolduk.com/2021-google-aramalarinda-populer-olan-nft-hakkinda-bilmeniz-gerekenler/ (E.T.: 04.10.2022)
  • Inbusiness.com, (2022). NFT: Sadece Sanat Değil, https://www.inbusiness.com.tr/in-business/2022/08/15/nft-sadece-sanat-degil (E.T.: 19.10.2022)
  • İldaş, G. (2022). Transmedya Hikâyecilik Bağlamında NFT Dünyası. Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 10(1), 229-244.
  • Inovax.net, (2022). Bugüne Kadar Satılmış En Pahalı NFT Eserler, https://inovax.net/2022/08/bugune-kadar-satilmis-en-pahali-nft-eserler/ (E.T.: 05.10.2022)
  • İsbank.com, (2021). NFT Nedir, Ne İşe Yarar?, https://www.isbank.com.tr/blog/nft-nedir (E.T.: 04.10.2022)
  • Kaneko, Y. (2021, December). A Time-Series Analysis of How Google Trends Searches Affect Cryptocurrency Prices For Decentralized Finance and Non-Fungible Tokens. In 2021 International Conference on Data Mining Workshops (ICDMW), 222-227.
  • Katı, M. & Selek, S. (2011). Search Frequencies of Some Medical Terms in İnternet: Google Trends Analysis. Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(3), 86-88.
  • Kocabıyık, T., Teker, T. & Aksoy, E. (2020). Google Trends ‘Dolar’ Aramaları İle Dolar Kuru Arasındaki İlişkinin Keşfi. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (6), 258-271.
  • Koinsaati, 2021. NFT’ler: Neden 2021’de Popülerliği Arttı ve Kaderinde Daha Fazlası Var, https://koinsaati.com/nftler-neden-2021de-populerligi-artti-ve-kaderinde-daha-fazlasi-var/ E.T.: 05.10.2022)
  • Lindman, J., Tuunainen, V. K., & Rossi, M. (2017). Opportunities and Risks of Blockchain Technologies–a ResearchAagenda.
  • Mattila, J., & Seppälä, T. (2015). Blockchains as a Path to a Network of Systems-An Emerging New Trend of the Digital Platforms in Industry and Society. ETLA Report. (No. 45).
  • Mavragani, A., & Ochoa, G. (2019). Google Trends in İnfodemiology and Infoveillance: Methodology Framework. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 5(2), e13439.
  • Mazur, M. (2021). Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT). The Analysis of Risk and Return. Available at SSRN 3953535.
  • Nadini, M., Alessandretti, L., Di Giacinto, F., Martino, M., Aiello, L. M., & Baronchelli, A. (2021). Mapping The NFT Revolution: Market Trends, Trade Networks, and Visual Features. Scientific reports, 11(1), 1-11.
  • Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: A Peer-To-Peer Electronic Cash System. Decentralized Business Review, 21260.
  • Nevelsteen, K. J. (2018). Virtual World, Defined From A Technological Perspective and Applied to Video Games, Mixed Reality, and The Metaverse. Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, 29(1), e1752.
  • Nuti, S. V., Wayda, B., Ranasinghe, I., Wang, S., Dreyer, R. P., Chen, S. I., & Murugiah, K. (2014). The Use Of Google Trends in Health Care Research: A Systematic Review. PloS One, 9(10), e109583.
  • Oral, B. G. Değiştirilemez Jetonların (NFT) Vergilendirilmesi. Manisa Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 20(3), 1-14.
  • Özkahveci, E., Civek, F. & Ulusoy, G. (2022). Endüstri 5.0 Döneminde Metaverse (Kurgusal Evren)’Ün Yeri. Internatioanl Journal of Social, Humanitites and Administrative Sciences, 8(50), 398-409.
  • Popescu, A. D. (2021). Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT)–Innovation Beyond The Craze. In 5th International Conference on Innovation in Business, Economics and Marketing Research.
  • Regner, F., Urbach, N., & Schweizer, A. (2019). NFTs in Practice–Non-Fungible Tokens As Core Component of A Blockchain-Based Event Ticketing Application.
  • Rhue, L. (2018). Trust İs All You Need: An Empirical Exploration of Initial Coin Offerings (Icos) and ICO Reputation Scores. Available at SSRN, 3179723.
  • Seifter, A., Schwarzwalder, A., Geis, K., & Aucott, J. (2010). The Utility of “Google Trends” For Epidemiological Research: Lyme Disease As an Example. Geospatial Health, 4(2), 135-137.
  • Tijan, E., Aksentijević, S., Ivanić, K., & Jardas, M. (2019). Blockchain Technology Implementation in Logistics. Sustainability, 11(4), 1185.
  • Zhao, J. L., Fan, S., & Yan, J. (2016). Overview of Business İnnovations and Research Opportunities in Blockchain and İntroduction To The Special Issue. Financial Innovation, 2(1), 1-7.
  • Zuckerberg, M., & Heath, A. (2021). Mark Zuckerberg on Why Facebook Is Rebranding to Meta. The Verge.
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Finance
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fatih Konak 0000-0002-6917-5082

Esra Özkahveci 0000-0003-1472-4053

Early Pub Date July 21, 2023
Publication Date July 31, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Konak, F., & Özkahveci, E. (2023). BLOCKCHAIN ÜZERİNE YENİ BİR HALKA: NON-FUNGIBLE TOKEN (NFT)’NİN BİLİNİRLİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA. Düzce Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 13(1), 97-115. https://doi.org/10.55179/dusbed.1193852
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